Table 3.
Characteristics of Study Participants by Sex: Participants under 50 Years of Age
| n | Males 151 | Females 54 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 40.8 ± 5.6 | 42.0 ± 6.0 | 0.200 | |
| Race | <0.001 | |||
| Caucasian (%) | 46.4 | 13.0 | ||
| African American (%) | 27.2 | 66.7 | ||
| Mixed/Asian/Other (%) | 11.9 | 9.3 | ||
| Hispanic/Latino (%) | 14.6 | 11.1 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.0 ± 4.9 | 29.1 ± 6.2 | 0.001 | |
| Neck circumference (cm) | 38.3 ± 2.6 | 34.6 ± 3.2 | <0.001 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 92.4 ± 12.2 | 93.5 ± 14.3 | 0.627 | |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.90 ± 0.07 | 0.85 ± 0.07 | <0.001 | |
| Waist-to-thigh ratio | 1.83 ± 0.19 | 1.74 ± 0.22 | 0.008 | |
| Central obesity (%)a | 55.0 | 59.3 | 0.585 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 126 ± 15 | 122 ± 18 | 0.141 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.4 ± 9.9 | 72.2 ± 11.4 | 0.052 | |
| Diabetes (%) | 2.6 | 9.3 | 0.057 | |
| Current smoker (%) | 60.4 (149) | 61.5 (52) | 0.885 | |
| Metabolic syndrome (%)b | 22.5 (138) | 30.6 (49) | 0.255 | |
| Glucose >110 mg/dL (%) | 12.5 | 36.4 | 0.002 | |
| Waist circumference >102cm men; >88 cm women (%) | 17.2 | 55.6 | <0.001 | |
| TG ≥150 mg/dL (%) | 46.7 | 26.4 | 0.01 | |
| HDL-C <40 mg/dL men; <50 mg/dL women (%) | 42.1 | 37.7 | 0.583 | |
| Blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg (%) | 50.3 | 42.6 | 0.329 | |
| Framingham 10-year CHD risk (%)c | 6.2 ± 4.1 (143) | 2.7 ± 1.7 (52) | <0.001 | |
| Relative riskd | 0.94 ± 0.55 | 1.10 ± 0.66 | 0.099 |
Values are percentages or means ± standard deviation (SD). If the number of subjects differs from that at the top of the column, the correct number is in parentheses.
Post hoc analysis (Bonferonni-adjusted) showed a significant difference between Caucasians and African Americans (P < 0.01).
As defined by the WHO.
As defined by the ATP III guidelines.12
As previously defined.20
The relative 10-year CHD risk was calculated by dividing an individual's risk score by the average value for a person of the same sex and age in the Framingham population.
Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CHD, coronary heart disease; WHO, World Health Organization; ATP III, Adult Treatment Panel III.