Table 5.
Prevalence of allergic symptoms by 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and multivariable adjusted* associations between allergic symptoms and vitamin D levels for all children and adolescents ages 1–21 years of age (n= 3121) (top panel) and adults >21 years of age (n=3517) (bottom panel)
| Allergy assessed |
25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/ml |
25(OH)D 15–29 ng/ml |
25(OH)D <15 ng/ml |
Multivariate adjusted* OR 25(OH) D 15–29 ng/ml |
p- value |
Multivariate adjusted* OR 25(OH) D <15 |
p- value |
p- trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of symptoms in children and adolescents, % (SE) | ||||||||
| Any allergy | 22.2 (2.4) | 28.0 (1.9) | 30.7 (3.2) | 1.50 (1.04, 2.17) | 0.03 | 1.79 (1.10, 2.93) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Hayfever | 2.9 (1.1) | 4.4 (0.9) | 4.4 (1.3) | 1.73 (0.83, 3.58) | 0.13 | 1.82 (0.60, 5.53) | 0.27 | 0.17 |
| Eczema | 13.1 (2.2) | 11.5 (1.0) | 11.3 (1.4) | 0.93 (0.62, 1.40) | 0.71 | 1.08 (0.65, 1.78) | 0.75 | 1.00 |
| Pet avoidance due to sx. | 4.7 (1.6) | 6.0 (0.8) | 2.9 (1.2) | 1.27 (0.53, 3.04) | 0.51 | 0.40 (0.10, 1.64) | 0.97 | 0.51 |
| Prevalence of symptoms in adults % (SE) | ||||||||
| Any allergy | 34.2 (2.4) | 34.7 (1.2) | 33.8 (2.4) | 1.14 (0.88, 1.49) | 0.29 | 1.27 (0.82, 1.98) | 0.26 | 0.26 |
| Hayfever | 17.4 (2.2) | 13.5 (1.3) | 8.7 (1.1) | 0.79 (0.51, 1.22) | 0.26 | 0.59 (0.31, 1.14) | 0.11 | 0.11 |
| Eczema | 7.2 (1.5) | 8.2 (1.1) | 5.5 (1.0) | 1.29 (0.78, 2.13) | 0.30 | 0.88 (0.48, 1.64) | 0.67 | 0.79 |
| Pet avoidance due to sx. | 7.9 (1.3) | 7.0 (1.0) | 4.6 (0.9) | 0.95 (0.57, 1.60) | 0.85 | 0.59 (0.31, 1.10) | 0.09 | 0.12 |
*
Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, obesity, low socioeconomic status, milk intake, TV, videogame and computer use, serum cotinine levels and Vitamin D supplement use
SE: standard error