Fig. 6.

Results from single experiments using different navigation strategies to find a goal. (a, b) Q-learning based on place cells obtained from visual and olfactory cues. (a) Trajectories of rat’s paths from 30 runs. (b) Number of steps needed to reach the goal versus number of runs. (c-e) Self-marking navigation based on scent marks. (c) Trajectories of rat’s paths from 60 runs. (d) Environment with self-laid scent marks (marked by dots) is shown where larger dots represent stronger scent; rat follows the trail of scent marks to find the goal. (e) Number of steps needed to reach the goal versus number of runs. (f-h) Q-learning based on place cells obtained from visual and olfactory cues combined with the self-marking navigation. (f) Trajectories of rat’s paths from 30 runs. (g) Environment with self-laid scent marks (marked by dots). (h) Number of steps needed to reach the goal are plotted versus number of runs