Outerbridge [18] |
I |
Softening or edema |
II |
Fragmentation/tear <1/2 in. (~1.3 cm) |
III |
Fragmentation/tear <1/2 in. (~1.3 cm) |
IV |
Bare open laying subchondral bone |
Insall [15] |
I |
Softening |
II |
Deep fissures to the subchondral bone |
III |
Fibrillation |
IV |
Erosion and exposure of the subchondral bone |
Ficat [11] |
I |
Chondromalacia, surface intact |
II |
Chondromalacia, surface with tears or fibrillations |
III |
Tear up to the subchondral bone |
IV |
Complete ulceration |
Casscells [6] |
I |
Superficial erosions (diameter <1 cm) |
II |
Erosions without extension to the subchondral bone or diameter 1–2 cm |
III |
Deep erosions up to the subchondral bone or diameter 1–2 cm |
IV |
Complete defect or diameter >2 cm |
Beguin [2] |
I |
Swelling and edema |
II |
Deep superficial fissures |
III |
Deep fissures |
IV |
Complete defect with widely uncovered subchondral bone |
Bently und Dowd [3] |
I |
Fibrillation/tear >0.5 cm |
II |
Fibrillation/tear 0.5-1 cm |
III |
Fibrillation/tear 1–2 cm |
IV |
Fibrillation with widely uncovered subchondral bone >2 cm |
Noyes und Stabler [17] |
I |
Intact cartilage |
Ia |
Softening <1 cm |
Ib |
Softening >1 cm |
II |
Fibrillation/tear |
IIa |
Fibrillation/tear <half slight of the cartilage layer |
IIb |
Fibrillation/tear >half slight of the cartilage layer |
III |
Uncovered subchondral bone |
IIIa |
Bone normal |
IIIb |
Bone cysts or osteophytes |
ICRS [5] |
0 |
Normal |
I |
Nearly normal (superficial lesions, softening, fissures) |
II |
Abnormal (lesions extending to <50% of cartilage depth) |
III |
Severely abnormal (lesions extending to >50% of cartilage depth) |
IV |
Severely abnormal (complete defect) |
SFA [8] |
Severe |
The severity of cartilage degeneration is determined by a visual analogous scale [ranging 0 (normal) to 100 (severely abnormal, complete defect] |
Size |
Percentage (%) of cartilage degeneration within the joint surface |
A |
Size (%) of grade I lesions ×0.14 |
B |
Size (%) of grade II lesions ×0.34 |
C |
Size (%) of grade III lesions ×0.65 |
D |
Size (%) of grade IV lesions ×1.00 |