Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Kidney Dis. 2011 Mar 10;57(5):724–732. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.12.016

Table 1.

Model Inputs

Description (units) Mean Lower
Limit1 		Upper
Limit1 		Distribution1 Source
Costs ($U.S.)
 Standard Influenza Vaccine 16.22 12.16 20.28 Triangular Redbook 49
 Influenza treatment
  OTC medications 16.08 12.05 20.10 Triangular Redbook 49
  Outpatient visit given influenza 104.77 78.58 130.96 Triangular CMS50
  Productivity loss for outpatient visit 66.00 60.81 71.15 Triangular U.S. Department of
Labor 51
  Hospitalization 6260.08 6102.33 6417.74 Gamma www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports 52
  Death in hospital 5150.00 3862.50 6437.50 Triangular Smith53
 Treatment of vaccine side effects
  OTC medications 0.78 0.70 3.93 Triangular Redbook 49
Durations
Influenza (days) 7 5.25 8.75 Gamma MMWR; Widquist;
Gubareva; Hayden;
Jefferson; Treanor54-59
Life expectancy for 64 year old
patient on HD (years)2 		4.8 -- -- -- USRDS10
Utilities (QALYs)
One year of life for HD patient 0.49 0.45 0.53 Beta Tengs60
Vaccine Side effects 0.95 0.71 1 Triangular Tengs60
Influenza with hospitalization 0.5 0.38 0.63 Triangular Tengs; Sackett60-61
Influenza without hospitalization 0.65 0.49 0.81 Triangular Tengs; Sackett 60-61
Probabilities
 Influenza without vaccination 0.125 0.05 0.2 Triangular Rivetti 62
 Outpatient visit if develop influenza 0.625 0.507 0.743 Triangular Molinari 26
 Hospitalization if develop influenza (diabetes patient)2 0.012 -- -- -- Looijmans-Van den
Akker 63
 Death in hospital given influenza (diabetes patient)2 0.002 -- -- -- Looijmans-Van den
Akker 63
 Vaccine without adjuvant
  Side effects 0.63 0.47 0.89 Triangular Langley; Roman; Clark
40, 42, 64
  Vaccine efficacy (healthy adults) 0.8 0.56 0.91 Triangular Demicheli 65
  Vaccine efficacy (adult HD patients) 0.63 0.59 0.69 Triangular Scharpe21
 Vaccine with adjuvant
  Side effects 0.48 0.39 0.59 Triangular Langley; Roman; Clark
40, 42, 64
1

Dashes indicate that point estimates were used for these parameters.

2

Variables were based on single values due to lack of available data in the literature. Sensitivity analyses were run to account for error and uncertainty.

CMS, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; USRDS, US Renal Data System; OTC, over-the-counter; HD, hemodialysis; QALY, quality-adjusted life-year