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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 5.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Signal. 2011 Apr 5;4(167):ra20. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2000902

Figure 8. Model of PAR-dependent AIF release in parthanatos.

Figure 8

The scheme shows that DNA damage induced by MNNG administration (or other alkylating agents, as indicated by the “…”) or NMDA excitotoxicity activates PARP-1, which catalyzes PAR formation. PAR then translocates from the nucleus to the cytosol and mitochondria where it binds to a pool of AIF that is on the cytosolic side of the outer membrane of the mitochondria (25) inducing its release. AIF then translocates to nucleus and causes cell death. In contrast, PAR fails to bind Pbm-AIF and Pbm-AIF is not released during PARP-1 activation and cells survive the toxic stimuli.