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. 2011 Feb 17;1:154–188. doi: 10.7150/thno/v01p0154

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© Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.

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Mechanism of immune-cell mediated inflammation and its inhibition by α4 antagonists. Left Panel- α4 integrins are up-regulated on the surface of activated immune cells. Through contacts with endothelial cell adhesion molecules such as selectins and glycoproteins, these cells are captured from the circulation. The intial contacts are strengthened when α4 integrins make contact with MAdCAM and VCAM on endothelial cells. Extravasation and migration to sites of inflammation are mediated in part through α4 integrins. Right Panel- In the presence of α4 antagonists such as natalizumab, firm adhesion and subsequent migration are inhibited preventing immune cell infiltration within tissue.