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Small molecule α4 antagonists vary in their propensity for teratogenic effects. IVL984 (potent teratogen), HMR1031 (mild teratogen) and IVL745 (non-teratogenic) are structurally similar yet have different teratogenicity profiles. The difference is attributed to their affinity for non-activated α4 integrin. Compounds that bind α4 in both activated and resting states appear to be more teratogenic.
