Table 1.

Comparison of immunohistochemistry staining from the glomeruli of normal and HIV-transgenic rats.

	Normal rats	HIV-1 Tg rats	P
PCNA	25.1 ± 9.77	40.59 ± 13.7	<0.0001**
Ki67	ND	3.26 ± 2.56	<0.0001**
p27	50.8 ± 14.2	35.0 ± 10.1	<0.0001**
WT1	16.18 ± 4.3	13.52 ± 5.2	0.017*
Synaptopodin	50.0 ± 6.8	26.26 ± 13.5	<0.0001**
Desmin	ND	14.8 ± 19.2	<0.0001**
Notch1 IC	0.15 ± 0.87	2.5 ± 3.3	<0.0001**
Notch2 IC	51.4 ± 13.4	49.3 ± 14.4	0.28
Notch3 IC	40.9 ± 11.7	44.5 ± 14.6	0.15
Notch4 IC	24.00 ± 9.5	47.0 ± 12.4	<0.0001**
Hes1	54.27 ± 12.22	59.8 ± 11.8	0.04*
Cux1	20.33 ± 7.2	42.0 ± 15.9	<0.0001**
TLE4	8.9 ± 5.14	33.33 ± 9.7	<0.0001**

Cells showing positive staining were counted manually in the first 30 random glomeruli from the three wild-type and HIV-Tg slides each. Synaptopodin staining was measured by image J program from NIH and presented as percentage area of the glomeruli positive for the staining. Values are represented as mean ± SD. Cux1, cut-like homeobox; Hes, hairy enhancer of split; HIV-Tg, HIV-1 transgenic sections; IC, intracellular; ND, not detected; NIH, National Institute for Health; normal, wild-type kidney sections; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; TLE, transducin-like enhancer of split; WT1, Wilms tumor 1.

^*P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

^**P < 0.001 was considered highly statistically significant.