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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 29.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomech. 2011 Mar 12;44(7):1246–1252. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.02.073

Table 3.

Average differences between experimental and simulated kinematics and handrim forces. The simulation differences were within one standard deviation (1SD) of the experimental data

Simulation Difference Experimental Variability (1SD)
Shoulder Elevation Angle (deg) 0.3 14.4
Shoulder Plane of Elevation (deg) 1.7 6.0
Shoulder Internal-External Rotation (deg) 5.5 15.4
Elbow Flexion-Extension (deg) 1.0 12.5
Forearm Pronation-Supination (deg) 1.4 13.1
All Joints (deg) 2.0 12.3
Tangential Handrim Force (N) 2.27 7.74
Radial Handrim Force (N) 3.75 9.42
Lateral Handrim Force (N) 1.14 7.82
All Forces (N) 2.39 8.33