Neither the BH3 domain only proteins Bim, Bid, and Puma alone or in combination nor ER localized BAK are required for BAX or BAK dependent cell death. (A and B) murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Bax−/− Bak−/− and Bim−/−Puma−/− mice or from their wild-type controls were exposed to hyperoxia for measurement of cell death (LDH release). (C) MEFs from Bim−/− Puma−/− double knockout mice were stably transfected with two shRNA constructs against Bid (33) and exposed to hyperoxia for measurement of cell death (LDH release). (D) MEFs from Bax−/− Bak−/−mice were stably transfected with a control retrovirus (GFP) or retroviruses encoding wild-type BAK, a mitochondrially localized BAK (BAK-ActA) or an ER localized BAK (BAK-cb5). n = 3 for all measures, * indicates P < 0.05 for comparison with wild-type air exposed cells, †P < 0.05 between wild-type and mutant cells exposed to hyperoxia.