Table 4. Multivariable-adjusted Regression Models for Association between Adiposity and FMD Vasodilator Function.

	Model Adjustment	Brachial artery diameter			Flow-mediated dilation			Baseline mean flow velocity			Hyperemic mean flow velocity
		β (SE)	P	R2	β (SE)	P	R2	β (SE)	P	R2	β (SE)	P	R2
Clinical Covariates*	Age- sex- cohort-	-	-	0.550	-	-	0.221	-	-	0.018	-	-	0.157
	Multivariable	-	-	0.567	-	-	0.264	-	-	0.154	-	-	0.193
VAT† (cm3)	Age- sex- cohort-	0.16 (0.01)	<0.001	0.579	-0.27 (0.06)	<0.001	0.226	1.11 (0.09)	<0.001	0.070	-0.81 (0.39)	0.04	0.158
	Multivariable	0.14 (0.01)	<0.001	0.584	-0.19 (0.07)	0.01	0.266	0.54 (0.10)	<0.001	0.163	-0.52 (0.44)	0.24	0.193
SAT† (cm3)	Age- sex- cohort-	0.11 (0.01)	<0.001	0.566	-0.18 (0.06)	0.002	0.224	0.80 (0.08)	<0.001	0.051	0.18 (0.35)	0.60	0.157
	Multivariable	0.09 (0.01)	<0.001	0.576	-0.07 (0.06)	0.24	0.265	0.42 (0.08)	<0.001	0.162	0.52 (0.37)	0.15	0.193
BMI (kg/m2)	Age- sex- cohort-	0.18 (0.01)	<0.001	0.594	-0.29 (0.06)	<0.001	0.228	1.07 (0.08)	<0.001	0.076	-0.48 (0.35)	0.17	0.158
	Multivariable	0.17 (0.01)	<0.001	0.598	-0.19 (0.06)	0.002	0.267	0.67 (0.09)	<0.001	0.172	-0.09 (0.39)	0.81	0.193
Waist (cm)	Age- sex- cohort-	0.17 (0.01)	<0.001	0.587	-0.31 (0.06)	<0.001	0.228	1.05 (0.08)	<0.001	0.072	-0.27 (0.36)	0.45	0.157
	Multivariable	0.16 (0.01)	<0.001	0.592	-0.22 (0.06)	0.001	0.267	0.59 (0.09)	<0.001	0.168	0.10 (0.40)	0.80	0.193
VAT+SAT‡ (cm3)	Multivariable	0.12 (0.01)	<0.001	0.582	-0.12 (0.06)	0.056	0.265	0.52 (0.09)	<0.001	0.164	0.22 (0.40)	0.57	0.193

^*Clinical covariates alone (without fat measures). Multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, cohort, smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hypertension treatment, heart rate, total/HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid treatment, aspirin, alcohol intake, diabetes, glucose, menopause, hormone replacement therapy, and prevalent CVD.

^†To facilitate comparisons within each vascular measure, VAT, SAT, BMI, Waist, and VAT+SAT are sex-standardized to mean=0, standard deviation=1.

^‡Sum of VAT and SAT.