Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics and Drug Use by Study Subjects
| CUD+ (N=28) | CUD− (N=27) | Controls (N=29) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male/female) | 27/1 | 26/1 | 25/4 |
| Ethnicity (African-American/Caucasian/Hispanic) | 20/5/3 | 19/5/3 | 20/8/1 |
| History of cigarette smoking (current or past/never or tried)1 | 21/7c | 21/6c | 6/23a,b |
| Education (years) | 13.09 (1.76) | 12.69 (1.82) | 13.81 (2.02) |
| Age (years) | 45.55 (4.81) | 42.47 (8.82) | 41.17 (7.32) |
| Socio-economic status (Hollingshead, 1975) | 32.32 (11.03) | 33.06 (11.63) | 32.90 (13.56) |
| Non-verbal intellectual functioning: Wechsler Abbreviated | 9.43 (3.72) | 9.92 (3.06) | 11.03 (2.72) |
| Scale of Intelligence: Matrix Reasoning scaled score (Wechsler, 1999) | |||
| Self-reported state depression (Beck et al., 1996)2 | 7.57 (7.56)c | 7.63 (6.38)c | 1.48 (2.87)a,b |
| Age at onset of cocaine use (years) | 26.68 (5.23) | 25.04 (6.47) | -- |
| Duration of use (years) | 16.56 (7.09) | 14.46 (8.80) | -- |
| Frequency of use (days/week) last 30 days3 | 4.23 (2.40)b | 1.53 (2.29)a | -- |
| Current use in $ per use (min – max, median) last 30 days | 62.36 (2–200, 50) | 109.23 (0–300, 80) | -- |
| Duration of current abstinence (days) (min – max, median)4 | 2.25 (0–14, 2)b | 214.85 (2–2555, 25)a | -- |
| Length of longest abstinence (days) (min – max, median) | 869.89 (19–3650, 365) | 818.63 (25–2555, 560) | -- |
| Total score on the Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment | 19.11 (10.84) | 15.74 (10.36) | -- |
| Scale (measure of withdrawal symptoms; 0–126) | |||
| Severity of Dependence Scale (0–15)5 | 6.61 (3.40)b | 8.44 (3.15)a | -- |
| Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (0–45)6 | 22.18 (10.66)b | 10.96 (9.58)a | -- |
Note. Values in parentheses are standard deviations unless otherwise indicated.
1
χ2(2)=23.79, p<.001 (Kruskal-Wallis);
2
χ2(2)=25.07, p<.001 (Kruskal-Wallis);
3
Z=−4.00, p<.001 (Mann-Whitney);
4
Z=−5.71, p<.001 (Mann-Whitney);
5
t(53)=−2.08, p<.05;
6
t(53)=4.10, p<.001. Superscript letters designate group differences
a
significantly different from CUD+;
b
significantly different from CUD−;
c
significantly different from control group.