| Poor glycemic control |
HbA1c |
| Previous ulcer/ amputation |
Medical history, physical examination |
| Neuropathy |
Abnormal sensorimotor perception of vibration |
| Reduction in visual acuity |
Ophthalmological examination |
| Trauma |
Poorly fitting shoes, pressure, burns |
| Biomechanics |
Limited joint mobility, bony prominences, foot deformity/osteoarthritis, callus |
| Peripheral arterial occlusive disease |
Ancle-brachial index |
| Socioeconomic status |
Poor access to medical facilities, lack of compliance/neglect, no or inadequate education |
