Table 4.
Variables independently associated with class membership, latent class analysis with covariates results stratified by HIV status (reference=Class 1, Non-users)
| Past, primarily marijuana Class 2 | Past multi drug Class 3 | High consequence, multi drug Class 4 | Low consequence, primarily marijuana Class 5 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV− | HIV+ | HIV− | HIV+ | HIV− | HIV+ | HIV− | HIV+ | |
| Age (ref=41–50) | ||||||||
| ≤40 | 1.14 (0.78, 1.65) | 0.74 (0.49, 1.11) | 0.41 (0.24, 0.70) | 0.28 (0.14, 0.54) | 0.49 (0.29, 0.85) | 0.54 (0.32, 0.90) | 1.45 (0.72, 1.81) | 0.76 (0.52, 1.12) |
| 51–60 | 0.76 (0.55, 1.04) | 1.07 (0.75, 1.53) | 0.60 (0.44, 0.82) | 0.85 (0.59, 1.21) | 0.31 (0.19, 0.50) | 0.60 (0.40, 0.90) | 0.79 (0.55, 1.13) | 0.82 (0.58, 1.15) |
| >60 | 0.29 (0.18, 0.45) | 0.38 (0.24, 0.61) | 0.18 (0.11, 0.30) | 0.33 (0.18, 0.59) | 0.11 (0.03, 0.37) | 0.25 (0.12, 0.51) | 0.36 (0.21, 0.61) | 0.21 (0.12, 0.36) |
| African American | 1.11 (0.83, 1.49) | 0.53 (0.38, 0.74) | 1.30 (0.94, 1.80) | 1.13 (0.73, 1.76) | 2.90 (1.62, 5.19) | 3.06 (1.59, 5.90) | 1.09 (0.77, 1.54) | 0.63 (0.45, 0.88) |
| Hispanic/other | 1.00 (0.66, 1.50) | 0.59 (0.36, 0.97) | 1.20 (0.78, 1.85) | 1.36 (0.78, 2.36) | 1.22 (0.57, 2.63) | 1.91 (0.91, 4.03) | 0.87 (0.54, 1.40) | 0.83 (0.52, 1.34) |
| Currently employed | 0.82 (0.62, 1.08) | 0.98 (0.71, 1.34) | 0.98 (0.70, 1.31) | 0.85 (0.59, 1.21) | 0.51 (0.33, 0.79) | 0.47 (0.32, 0.71) | 0.60 (0.44, 0.83) | 0.72 (0.52, 0.99) |
| Alcohol use past year | 1.51 (1.10, 2.06) | 2.06 (1.44, 2.96) | 0.52 (0.37, 0.73) | 0.52 (0.35, 0.77) | 3.16 (1.86, 5.39) | 2.99 (1.91, 4.70) | 1.87 (1.30, 2.70) | 3.65 (2.55, 5.22) |
| AUDIT-C score | 1.04 (0.97, 1.11) | 1.03 (0.95, 1.12) | 1.13 (1.06, 1.20) | 1.18 (1.09, 1.27) | 1.16 (1.07, 1.25) | 1.20 (1.10, 1.30) | 1.13 (1.06, 1.21) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.15) |
| Ever smoked | 1.92 (1.39, 2.66) | 1.93 (1.34, 2.79) | 2.56 (1.73, 3.80) | 2.85 (1.78, 4.57) | 1.66 (0.90, 3.07) | 1.57 (0.84, 2.94) | 1.92 (1.29, 2.86) | 2.13 (1.46, 3.10) |
| Smokes currently | 0.84 (0.61, 1.16) | 1.00 (0.69, 1.44) | 1.12 (0.82, 1.53) | 1.59 (1.08, 2.33) | 1.82 (1.10, 2.99) | 3.57 (2.20, 5.81) | 1.45 (1.01, 2.07) | 1.27 (0.88, 1.82) |
| Ever homeless | 1.18 (0.80,1.72) | 0.89 (0.61, 1.28) | 2.96 (2.19, 4.01) | 2.21 (1.56, 3.11) | 4.22 (2.66, 6.71) | 3.36 (2.02, 5.61) | 2.58 (1.84, 3.65) | 1.11 (0.81, 1.52) |
| Past mo homeless | 0.81 (0.36, 1.81) | 1.48 (0.57, 3.89) | 1.29 (0.74, 2.23) | 0.78 (0.33, 1.85) | 2.86 (1.58, 5.17) | 2.81 (1.27, 6.21) | 0.65 (0.31, 1.35) | 1.03 (0.37, 2.85) |
| Past mo worry about food | 0.87 (0.58, 1.31) | 1.49 (1.00, 2.22) | 0.89a (0.61, 1.32) | 1.17 (0.78, 1.75) | 1.32 (0.85, 2.06) | 1.82 (1.19, 2.78) | 1.16 (0.80, 1.68) | 1.38 (0.94, 2.03) |
| IVD past yr | 0.30 (0.002, 47.42) | 1.46 (0.31, 6.76) | 1.37 (0.51, 3.70) | 0.59 (0.16, 2.10) | 7.67 (2.96, 19.84) | 12.26 (3.68, 40.87) | 1.40 (0.36, 5.42) | 0.53 (0.11, 2.51) |
| Ever IVD | 0.16 (0.02, 1.33) | 0.39 (0.14, 1.05) | 7.61 (4.57, 12.65) | 11.61 (7.66, 17.59) | 9.43 (4.99, 17.80) | 7.29 (4.35, 12.24) | 2.72 (1.50, 4.93) | 2.94 (1.88, 4.57) |
| SF-12 Mental composite score | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) |
| Past year SA treatment | 1.14 (0.52, 2.47) | 0.66 (0.21, 2.11) | 3.75 (2.23, 6.30) | 2.18 (1.12, 4.23) | 17.91 (9.91, 32.39) | 5.55 (2.80, 11.00) | 0.98 (0.39, 2.46) | 0.18 (0.04, 0.92) |
| BMI (ref=normal) | ||||||||
| Obese | -- | 0.70 (0.45, 1.11) | -- | 1.54 (0.98, 2.41) | -- | 0.63 (0.38, 1.05) | -- | 0.47 (0.30, 0.74) |
| Overweight | -- | 1.12 (0.83, 1.52) | -- | 1.07 (0.75, 1.52) | -- | 0.78 (0.54, 1.15) | -- | 0.81 (0.60, 1.09) |
| Underweight | -- | 0.62 (0.27, 1.41) | -- | 0.68 (0.31, 1.53) | -- | 0.57 (0.21, 1.61) | -- | 0.90 (0.42, 1.93) |
| Married | -- | 0.83 (0.59, 1.15) | -- | 0.77 (0.53, 1.13) | -- | 0.48 (0.31, 0.75) | -- | 1.04 (0.76, 1.43) |
| Sex (1=female) | 0.64 (0.41, 1.00) | -- | 0.55 (0.34, 0.91) | -- | 0.18 (0.07, 0.46) | -- | 0.37 (0.20, 0.68) | -- |
Adjusted odds ratios and (95% confidence intervals). Reference class=non users, Class 1
Model is adjusted for all other significant covariates detected in multinomial regressions using the unadjusted LCA class results
-- =no estimate because variable not included in model
SA=substance abuse, including alcohol and/or drug abuse, BMI= Body Mass Index, IVD=intravenous drug use, AUDIT-C=Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption, SF-12=Short form 12, BMI=Body Mass Index
Bold values are statistically significant from the reference non user class within HIV status