Table 1.

Brief Definitions of Toddler Behavioral Strategies

Behavioral Strategies	Definition	Kappa
Parent-Focused		Mother-Toddler	Father-Toddler	Overall
Looking at parent	Turns head toward parent; Eyes shift toward parent	.89	.83	.86
Vocalizing to parent	Communication directed to parent, including asking for assistance with toy	.90	.93	.92
Gesturing to parent	Making bids for attention from parent (e.g., pointing)	1.0	1.0	1.0
Self-Distraction
Distraction	Attention focused on another object in the room	.89	.84	.86
Vocalizing to self	Engaging in communication that was not directed to the parent	.90	.87	.88
Self-soothing	Behaviors that serve to calm (e.g., thumb sucking, twirling hair, etc.)	.97	1.0	.98
Toy-Focused
Holding the toy	Holding on to the toy and not playing with it	.69	.50	.59
Passive engagement	Playing with toy without trying to operate it (e.g., tapping microphone)	.79	.67	.73
Active engagement	Trying to operate toy such as turning on power, and inserting cassette tape into player	.90	.83	.87
Looking at toy	Visual attention focused exclusively on the toy	.95	.93	.94
Strategies Removed
High intensity motor	Banging table, kicking table, or banging toy	.96	1.0	.98
Vocalizing to other parent	Attempts to communicate with the parent not in the room, such as calling for mother when the father was in the room	1.0	.96	.98
Escape	Physical effort to get out of chair	.97	1.0	.98