Table 4.
Baseline clinical characteristics between C4d+ (diffusely stained with IF) and C4d− (focally positive or negative with IF staining) groups
| Characteristics | C4d+ | C4d− | Univariate Analyses |
Multivariate Analyses |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |||
| Gender (male/female) | 9/4 (69.2/30.8) | 59/32 (64.8/35.2) | 1.22 | 0.35 to 4.28 | 0.76 | 1.03 | 0.17 to 6.25 | 0.98 |
| Age (years) | 50.0 ± 11.4 | 46.5 ± 12.5 | 1.02 | 0.98 to 1.08 | 0.34 | 1.04 | 0.96 to 1.12 | 0.37 |
| Donor sex (male/female) | 2/11 (15.4/84.6) | 36/54 (40.0/60.0) | 0.27 | 0.06 to 1.30 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.03 to 1.71 | 0.16 |
| Donor age (years) | 37.9 ± 14.9 | 48.0 ± 13.7 | 0.95 | 0.91 to 0.99 | 0.02 | 0.94 | 0.89 to 0.99 | 0.03 |
| Donor type (living/deceased) | 4/9 (30.8/69.2) | 20/71 (22/78) | 1.58 | 0.44 to 5.66 | 0.48 | 1.88 | 0.28 to 12.56 | 0.51 |
| HLA-A mismatches (0/1/2) (%) | 31/61/8 | 36/54/10 | 1.25 | 0.35 to 4.38 | 0.73 | 1.49 | 0.23 to 3.58 | 0.67 |
| HLA-B mismatches (0/1/2) (%) | 8/77/15 | 29/55/16 | 4.84 | 0.60 to 39.2 | 0.14 | 0.81 | 0.04 to 16.95 | 0.89 |
| HLA-DR mismatches (0/1/2) (%) | 15/70/15 | 36/60/4 | 3.10 | 0.65 to 14.9 | 0.16 | 3.48 | 0.30 to 40.55 | 0.32 |
| Number of transplantations | 1.31 ± 0.63 | 1.16 ± 0.45 | 1.66 | 0.61 to 4.55 | 0.32 | 2.99 | 0.60 to 14.83 | 0.18 |
| PRA pretransplantation (%) | 10.6 ± 22.9 | 6.5 ± 16.3 | 0.56 | 0.12 to 2.52 | 0.45 | |||
| Delayed graft function (days) | 1 (7.7) | 26 (28.6) | 0.21 | 0.03 to 1.68 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.01 to 3.58 | 0.28 |
| Induction therapy | 3 (23.1) | 29 (31.9) | 0.60 | 0.16 to 2.50 | 0.52 | |||
| CNI (CsA/Tac) | 12/1 (92.3/7.7) | 77/13 (85.6/14.4) | 0.50 | 0.06 to 4.12 | 0.52 | |||
| MMF | 7 (53.8) | 58 (63.7) | 0.66 | 0.21 to 2.14 | 0.49 | |||
| Steroid resistance | 7 (53.8) | 43 (47.3) | 1.30 | 0.41 to 4.18 | 0.66 | |||
| Timing of rejection (days) | 25.92 (6 to 156) | 33.42 (3 to 178) | 0.99 | 0.97 to 1.01 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.98 to 1.02 | 0.83 |
| Rejection episodes (n) | 1.69 ± 0.63 | 1.86 ± 0.97 | 0.80 | 0.39 to 1.65 | 0.55 | 1.02 | 0.45 to 2.32 | 0.95 |
| Proteinuria (%) | 9 (69.2) | 68 (74.7) | 0.76 | 0.21 to 2.71 | 0.74 | |||
| Interstitial infiltrate | 5 (41.7) | 48 (56.5) | 0.55 | 0.16 to 1.88 | 0.34 | 0.73 | 0.12 to 4.69 | 0.75 |
| Tubulitis | 7 (53.8) | 49 (57.6) | 1.03 | 0.30 to 3.50 | 0.96 | 1.08 | 0.12 to 9.94 | 0.95 |
| Vascular rejection | 4 (33.3) | 33 (43.4) | 0.65 | 0.18 to 2.35 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.09 to 2.57 | 0.39 |
Donor age was significantly different between groups. HLA-DR mismatches seem to be present more often in the C4d + group, although this does not reach statistical significance. PRA levels were divided in three groups for analysis: ≤5%, 5% to 85%, and ≥85%. Proteinuria is grams of total protein per 24 hours 1 year after transplantation with a cutoff of >0.15 g/24 h. Multivariate analysis outcome. Clinical and histological risk factors were included in a multivariate logistic model. Donor age remained significantly different between C4d + and C4d− groups. Other characteristics were not significantly different between C4d groups. No risk profile for C4d staining could be established. Values are expressed as mean ± SD, as number (%), or as mean with minimum and maximum days in parentheses. OR, odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.