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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Comput Phys. 2011 Jun;230(13):5239–5262. doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2011.03.020

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Illustrations of ion channel geometry, computational setup, and geometric singularities. (a) Gramicidin A channel; (b) Computational setup for the PNP system; (c) Geometric singularities in the molecular surface of a five-atom structure; (d) Geometric singularities in the molecular surface of protein 451c (Color map indicates the residues).