1.	Scutellum densely rugose, rugulose or rugulose-punctate, largely without distinct smooth interspaces; marginal cell of fore wing comparatively wide (Figs 297, 305); area below precoxal sulcus very densely punctate; basal area of second tergite moderately wide (Figs 298, 299, 304)	2
–	Scutellum punctate and with distinct interspaces or largely smooth; marginal cell of fore wing usually narrower (Figs 223, 233, 242) and area below precoxal sulcus moderately punctate; if densely punctate and marginal cell rather wide then basal area of second tergite strongly transverse (Fig. 282: Therophilus javanus)	3
2.	Lateral lobes of mesoscutum rugose-striate posteriorly; notauli fused posteriorly, forming deep groove near scutellar sulcus (Fig. 303); second metasomal tergite smooth or superficially finely striate (Fig. 304)	Therophilus marucae sp. n.
–	Lateral lobes of mesoscutum finely punctate posteriorly; notauli connected posteriorly, forming a curved crenulate groove, area near scutellar sulcus flat; second tergite smooth or anterior half more or less superficially obliquely striate (Figs 298, 299)	Therophilus marshi (Bhat & Gupta, 1977) comb. n.
3.	Frons deeply depressed and in front of anterior ocellus with a distinctly protruding lamella (Figs 264, 266); precoxal sulcus coarsely crenulate and area below it coarsely punctate and anteriorly reticulate; hind tibia black, except for a more or less developed white (N Vietnam) or pale brown (S Vietnam) basal band (Fig. 256); hind femur densely and coarsely rugose-striate; wing membrane dark brown (N Vietnam; Fig. 260)) to yellowish-brown (S Vietnam); [head black]	Therophilus depressiferus sp. n.
–	Frons at most moderately depressed and in front of anterior ocellus without a distinctly protruding lamella (Figs 227, 236, 254); precoxal sulcus finely crenulate and area below it and anteriorly finely punctate; hind tibia usuall y whitish except black apical third (Figs 229, 238, 277, 283, 285); hind femur at most densely punctate; wing membrane subhyaline or slightly infuscate	4
4.	Body completely pale yellowish or brownish-yellow, with base of first tergite and second tergite more or less ivory (Fig. 310); frons rather depressed (Fig. 307); length of ovipositor sheath 0.6–0.7 times fore wing; [malar space about 3.3 times as long as basal width of mandible; first metasomal tergite 1.3 times as long as its apical width; hind leg yellow]	Therophilus mellisoma sp. n.
–	Body at least partly black or dark brown (Figs 220, 229, 238); frons hardly or not depressed (Figs 227, 235, 354); length of ovipositor sheath variable	5
5.	First metasomal tergite 2.5–2.7 times as long as its apical width (Figs 270, 359); mesosoma (Figs 267, 268, 356) and second metasomal tergite elongate (Figs 270, 359); base of second tergite ivory	6
–	First tergite 1.0–1.7 times as long as its apical width (Figs 224, 232, 241); mesosoma (Fig. 229, 238, 276) and usually second tergite (Figs 250, 259, 278) comparatively short; colour of base of second tergite variable	7
6.	Head and mesosoma brownish-yellow (Fig. 267); base of first tergite narrowly ivory (Fig. 270); mesopleuron comparatively robust (Fig. 268); mesoscutum smooth, at most somewhat punctulate	Therophilus elongator sp. n.
–	Head, mesosoma and base of first tergite black (Figs 356, 359); mesopleuron comparatively slender (Fig. 357); mesoscutum finely punctate	Therophilus punctiscutum sp. n.
7.	Second metasomal tergite distinctly striate (Figs 368, 377, 386; rarely partly smooth anteriorly); hind femur weakly sculptured	8 Note. If head orange brown, vertex posteriorly very finely transversely aciculate, second submarginal cell of fore wing minute but with vein r-m of fore wing distinctly developed, frons with medial ridge, second tergite with smooth convex area surrounded by striae and notauli completely and distinctly crenulate, cf. Therophilus choui (Chen & Yang, 2006) comb. n. from China.
–	Second tergite smooth or largely so (Figs 232, 282, 350); sculpture of hind femur variable	14
8.	Mesoscutum protruding over pronotum (Fig. 366); middle mesoscutal lobe comparatively short and wide (Fig. 367); second metasomal tergite elongate and subparallel-sided, ivory (Fig. 368)	Therophilus robustus sp. n.
–	Mesoscutum not protruding anteriorly (Figs 339, 374); middle mesoscutal lobe more elongate and narrower (Figs 221, 376); second tergite transverse (Fig. 377) or narrowed anteriorly (Figs 323, 341, 386) and black (but ivory in Therophilus festivus; Fig. 278)	9
9.	Hind femur robust (Fig. 379); second metasomal tergite basally smooth, with a distinctly curved groove, and posteriorly striate (Fig. 377); [middle lobe of mesoscutum flat medially]	Therophilus rugosiferus sp. n.
–	Hind femur moderately slender (Figs 225, 327, 343); second tergite basally striate, as is the remainder of tergite, and often with a less developed groove (Figs 224, 323, 341)	10
10.	Mesoscutum rather matt and densely micro-sculptured (Fig. 340); hind femur comparatively slender (Fig. 343); first metasomal tergite robust and comparatively wide (Fig. 341); second submarginal cell of fore wing normal (Fig. 342); [second tergite coarsely striate, comparatively wide and with a curved groove]	Therophilus parasper sp. n.
–	Mesoscutum distinctly shiny and evenly finely punctate (Figs 221, 322); hind femur less slender (Figs 225, 327); first tergite less robust and narrower (Figs 224, 278, 323); [mesoscutum black and moderately slender; propodeum finely reticulate and often partly only coriaceous]	11 Note. If the mesoscutum is orange brown and rather robust (Fig. 238), the second tergite more slender (Fig. 241) and the propodeum coarsely reticulate (Fig. 240), cf. sculptured specimens of Therophilus contrastus sp. n.
11.	Second metasomal tergite finely striate, ivory anteriorly and tergite hardly narrowed anteriorly (Figs 224, 278); length of ovipositor sheath 0.9–1.3 times fore wing; second submarginal cell of fore wing medium-sized (Figs 223, 276); subbasally hind tibia white	12
–	Second tergite rather coarsely to finely costate, black and tergite narrowed anteriorly (Figs 323, 386); length of ovipositor sheath 0.6–0.7 times fore wing; second submarginal cell of fore wing smaller (Figs 320, 387); subbasally hind tibia black to brown	13
12.	Basal half of hind tibia entirely white (Figs 276, 277, 280); first metasomal tergite somewhat widened apically (Fig. 278)	Therophilus festivus (Muesebeck, 1953) comb. n.
–	Basal half of hind tibia largely dark brown, only with a subbasal white ring (Figs 220, 225); first tergite parallel-sided apically (Fig. 224)	Therophilus annuliferus sp. n.
13.	First metasomal tergite regularly and rather densely striate laterally (Fig. 386); scutellum angulate anteriorly and coarsely punctate (Fig. 385); subbasally hind tibia black; N Vietnam	Therophilus scutellatus sp. n.
–	First tergite sparsely, and rather irregularly striate laterally (Fig. 323); scutellum rounded anteriorly and sparsely punctate (Fig. 322); subbasally hind tibia dark brown; S Vietnam	Therophilus nigrolineatus sp. n. Note. Similar to Therophilus transcasperatus (Chen & Yang, 2006) comb. n. from China, but that species has the hind leg largely yellowish-brown, the hind tibia ivory (except for its apical darkened quarter), the second tergite with a distinct curved transverse impression, vein r-m of the fore wing very small, the hind femur rather slender, the antenna brown and the face largely, the pronotum ventrally and the posterior orbita pale brown or yellowish-brown. If the basal 0.4 of the hind tibia is pale yellowish (with only a faintly indicated darker subbasal band), cf. the male holotype of Therophilus fujianicus (Chen & Yang, 2006) comb. n. from China. [fore and middle legs and hind trochanter and trochantellus yellowish-brown; prepectal carina rather weakly developed; vein r-m of fore wing in only one wing reduced; surroundings of vein M+CU1 of fore wing sparsely setose; middle mesoscutal lobe rather convex, somewhat more convex than lateral lobes]. If similar but notauli distinctly crenulate, ovipositor sheath about as long as fore wing (not about twice as indicated in the original description) and propodeum coarsely vermiculate-rugose, cf. Therophilus tanycoleosus (Chen & Yang, 2006) comb. n. from China.
14.	Hind femur very coarsely and densely punctate ventrally (Fig. 281); area below precoxal sulcus very densely punctate; second metasomal tergite shorter than third tergite and with strongly transverse anterior part (Fig. 282); second submarginal cell of fore wing very small (Fig. 281); mesonotum orange-yellow	Therophilus javanus (Bhat & Gupta, 1977) comb. n.
–	Hind femur at most moderate punctate ventrally (Fig. 234); area below precoxal sulcus spaced punctate; second tergite at least somewhat longer than third tergite and with less transverse anterior part (Figs 232, 241, 288); shape of second submarginal cell of fore wing and colour of mesonotum variable	15
15.	Hind femur robust, rather swollen (Figs 234, 252, 290, 352); subbasal cell of fore wing evenly setose; length of ovipositor sheath 0.5–1.0 times fore wing; second metasomal tergite comparatively short and transverse (Figs 232, 250, 288, 350), entirely black or brownish-yellow	16
–	Hind femur moderately slender (Figs 243, 294, 334); subbasal cell of fore wing at least partly glabrous; length of ovipositor sheath 0.5–0.9 times fore wing; second tergite comparatively elongate (Figs 214, 296, 332), ivory anteriorly and dark brown or black posteriorly	19
16.	Length of ovipositor sheath about 0.5 times fore wing (Fig. 347); posterior half of frons flat, no triangular area in front of anterior ocellus (Fig. 354); tegulum yellowish-brown, contrasting with dark brown humeral plate (Fig. 349); hind trochanter yellowish-brown; [marginal cell of fore wing very narrow (Fig. 351); ocelli small]	Therophilus planifrons sp. n.
–	Length of ovipositor sheath 0.8–1.0 times fore wing (Figs 229, 247, 285); posterior half of frons partly depressed and with a triangular area in front of anterior ocellus (Figs 236, 254, 293); tegulum and humeral plate similarly coloured (Figs 231, 249); hind trochanter dark brown	17
17.	Head and mesosoma (except propodeum) brownish-yellow (Fig. 229); vein M+CU of hind wing 1.2–1.3 times as long as vein 1-M; second metasomal tergite rather square (Fig. 232); marginal cell of fore wing narrow parallel-sided (Fig. 233); anterior ocellus smaller than posterior ocelli (Fig. 236); scutellum without distinct subposterior transverse crenulate depression (Fig. 231)	Therophilus cattienensis sp. n. Note. If only apical 0.4 of metasoma is dark brown, vein M+CU of hind wing about as long as vein 1-M, hind femur very wide (at most 3 times as long as wide), notauli finely crenulate, second submarginal cell small, triangular and petiolate, marginal cell of fore wing very narrow, prepectal carina medium-sized, propodeum coarsely areolate and mesoscutum yellowish-brown (but laterally darkened), cf. Therophilus tongmuensis (Chen & Yang, 2006) comb. n. from China.
–	Head and mesosoma black (Figs 247, 285); vein M+CU of hind wing about as long as vein 1-M (Fig. 289); second tergite distinctly transverse (Figs 250, 288); anterior ocellus similar to posterior ocelli (Figs 254, 293); scutellum with a subposterior transverse crenulate depression (Figs 249, 287)	18
18.	Frons laterally rather coarsely (female) or finely (male) punctate; basal half of hind tibia largely whitish, with only a subbasal dark brown patch (Figs 285, 290); medial area of second tergite protruding medio-posteriorly (Fig. 288); propodeum coarsely reticulate-rugose and transverse carina distinctly developed (Fig. 287); [length of first tergite about 1.3 times as long as wide apically; propodeum posteriorly steep]	Therophilus levisoma sp. n.
–	Frons laterally sparsely punctulate; basal half of hind tibia partly dark brown (Figs 247, 252); medial area of second tergite hardly or not protruding medio-posteriorly (Fig. 250); propodeum rather finely reticulate and transverse carina weakly developed (Fig. 249)	Therophilus crenulisulcatus sp. n.
19.	Length of ovipositor sheath 0.5–0.6 times fore wing (Fig. 294); second metasomal tergite widened apically and shorter, without a transverse groove and completely smooth (Fig. 296); mesonotum black; apical half of subbasal cell of fore wing largely sparsely setose	Therophilus lienhoachihensis (Chou & Sharkey, 1989) comb. n.
–	Length of ovipositor sheath 0.9 times fore wing (Figs 238, 328); second tergite hardly widened apically and longer, with a shallow transverse groove and with more or less superficial striae (Figs 241, 332); colour of mesonotum variable; setosity of apical half of subbasal cell of fore wing variable	20
20.	Mesoscutum and scutellum orange brown (Fig. 238); notauli coarsely crenulate posteriorly (Fig. 240); scutellum distinctly rugulose medio-posteriorly (Fig. 240); first metasomal tergite without superficial granulation; apical half of subbasal cell of fore wing glabrous or nearly so	Therophilus contrastus sp. n.
–	Mesoscutum and scutellum black (Fig. 329); notauli narrowly crenulate posteriorly (Fig. 331); scutellum largely smooth medio-posteriorly (Fig. 331); first metasomal tergite with superficial granulation; apical half of subbasal cell of fore wing largely setose	Therophilus nuichuaensis sp. n.