Fig. 2.

Upper two images: Another example of how rendering an image with a shallow depth of field can make a downtown cityscape appear to be a miniature-scale model. The left image was rendered with a pinhole camera, the right with a 60m aperture. Lower two images: Applying a blur gradient that approximates a shallow depth of field can also induce the miniaturization effect. The effects are most convincing when the images are large and viewed from a short distance.

Original city images and data from GoogleEarth are copyright Terrametrics, SanBorn, and Google. Original lake photograph is copyright Casey Held.