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. 2011 May;55(5):1953–1960. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01423-10

Table 3.

Median regression model for hospitalization costs, LOS, and antifungal treatment per patient

Variable Result by outcomea
Hospitalization costb (AU$)
 LOS (days)
 Costly antifungal treatmentc (DDD)
Coefficient (95% CI) P Coefficient (95% CI) P Coefficient (95% CI) P
Univariable analysis
    IFD patient 28,309 (568 to 56,049) 0.046 8.0 (0.57 to 15) 0.035 19 (18 to 20) <0.001
    LOS 1,961 (1,518 to 2,405) <0.001 —d — 0.45 (0.33 to 0.56) <0.001
    ICU admission 65,470 (19,224 to 111,716) 0.006 13 (0.99 to 25) 0.034 25 (5.6 to 44) 0.012
    HSCT 53,549 (24,576 to 82,521) <0.001 −2.0 (−13 to 9) 0.71 11 (−2.6 to 25) 0.11
    Allo-HSCT 57,681 (27,602 to 87,760) <0.001 5.0 (−6 to 16) 0.37 12 (−1.4 to 25) 0.078
    Receipt of chemotherapy 49,268 (13,047 to 85,489) 0.008 25 (15 to 35) <0.001 12 (3.2 to 20) 0.008
    Inpatient death ≥ 14 dayse 104,164 (51,646 to 156,681) <0.001 45 (31 to 59) <0.001 41 (17 to 65) 0.001
    Inpatient death 52,502 (5,555 to 99,449) 0.029 10 (−3.24 to 23) 0.14 25 (5.6 to 44) 0.012
    Age (yr) −1,392 (−2,377 to −407) 0.006 −0.29 (−0.60 to 0.02) 0.066 −0.34 (−0.63 to −0.06) 0.018
    Receipt of costly antifungal treatmentc 426 (−162 to 1,014) 0.15 0.39 (0.23 to 0.54) <0.001 — —
    Neutropenia ≥ 10 days 19,529 (−22,524 to 61,581) 0.36 19 (11 to 27) <0.001 11 (2.5 to 20) 0.012
    Neutropenia at baseline −12,252 (−52,628 to 28,124) 0.55 −1.0 (−11 to 9.3) 0.85 −1.05 (−17 to 14) 0.89
    Poor-risk hematological diseasef −40,267 (−85,936 to 5,402) 0.083 1.0 (−11 to 13) 0.87 1.4 (−20 to 23) 0.90
    Newly diagnosed leukemia −10,048 (−44,615 to 24,520) 0.57 7.0 (−1.81 to 16) 0.12 −5.3 (−20 to 9.2) 0.47
Multivariable analysisg
    Base caseh 23,964 (−8,819 to 56,747) 0.15 12 (2.8 to 21) 0.011 0 (−1.5 to 1.5) 1.0
    IFD patienti 30,957 (2,368 to 59,546) 0.034 7.0 (−0.95 to 15) 0.083 17 (15 to 19) <0.001
    ICU admissioni 80,291 (33,636 to 126,946) 0.001 6.0 (−7.23 to 19.23) 0.37 19 (16 to 22) <0.001
    Receipt of chemotherapy 29,418 (−4,695 to 63,531) 0.09 20 (11 to 29) <0.001 0 (−1.9 to 1.9) 1.0
    Inpatient death ≥ 14 dayse 24,824 (−32,713 to 82,360) 0.39 33 (17 to 49) <0.001 13 (9.0 to 17) <0.001
a

Values are reported as medians.

b

Cost inflated to 2009 AU$.

c

For liposomal amphotericin B, 250 mg intravenously was regarded to be equivalent to 1 DDD (11), denoted by liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin.

d

—, variables not included in the model.

e

The reference group comprised surviving patients and 2 control patients who died early in their admission, i.e., within the first 7 days.

f

Poor-risk disease includes relapse, progressive disease, partial remission, induction, and failed induction.

g

Multivariable analysis included forced inclusion of case status and ICU admission and variables significant on univariable analysis (P < 0.1).

h

The baseline patient who did not develop an IFD received chemotherapy and survived a minimum of 14 days in hospital. All values for each variable in the multivariable analysis refer to the excess cost, LOS, or antifungal drug consumption attributable to an IFD and added to the base case.

i

Median excess cost for an IFD patient at purchasing power parity (2009): US$21,203 (95% CI = US$1,622 to US$40,784)/€15,788 (95% CI = €1,208 to €30,368) increasing to US$54,993 (95% CI = US$23,038 toUS$86,948)/€40,948 (95% CI = €17,154 to €64,742) with intensive care unit admission.