Table 1.
Reports of cigarette and butt ingestion among children, 1983–2009
| Study site and author | Year | No | Age | % Symptomatic | % Hospitalised | Comments |
| Italy (Malizia, 1983)9 | 1983 | 4 | ? | 100 | 100 | Severe toxicity, including convulsions |
| USA (Smolinske, 1988)17 | 1988 | 51 | 5 months–2.5 years | 26% of 19 butt ingestion cases | 0 | Dose response, starting with one cigarette consumed |
| Philadelphia (McGee, 1995)18 | 1988–91 | 700 | Mean 12 months | 20.4 (>90% vomiting) | <1 | One with nicotine toxicity, observational therapy only |
| Wisconsin (Bonadio, 1989)19 | 1988 | 20 | <2 years | 50 | 5 | One with nicotine toxicity, induced vomiting |
| Greece (Petridou, 1995)20 | 1995 | 15 | 2–4 years | 100 | 100 | Vomiting and tachycardia, gastric lavage and charcoal |
| Rhode Island (CDC, 1997)21 | 1994–6 | 146 | Mean 11.6 months | 33 | 0 | Minor toxic effects |
| Long Island (Sisselman, 1996)22 | 1993–5 | 223 | <6 years | 18 | 0 | No gastric lavage indicated, observation only |
| Japan (Kubo, 2008)23 | 2001–6 | 276 | Median 1 year | 17 | <1 | No lavage, observation for 2 hours |