Table 12.
Effect of Sex on the Expression of Gene Ontologies in the Human Meibomian Gland
| Ontology | M Genes ↑ | F Genes ↑ | M z-Score | F z-Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological Process | ||||
| Golgi vesicle transport | 5 | 1 | 5.46 | 0.38 |
| Protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal | 5 | 0 | 4.37 | −0.99 |
| Cellular macromolecule catabolic process | 10 | 2 | 3.08 | −1.14 |
| Protein localization | 11 | 3 | 2.72 | −1.04 |
| Protein transport | 10 | 2 | 2.71 | −1.27 |
| Intracellular transport | 8 | 4 | 2.42 | 0.10 |
| Glycoprotein biosynthetic process | 3 | 2 | 2.28 | 1.14 |
| Vesicle-mediated transport | 7 | 4 | 2.19 | 0.39 |
| Proteolysis | 10 | 3 | 2.14 | −1.16 |
| Cell surface receptor linked signal transduction | 4 | 5 | −2.09 | −1.86 |
| Response to stimulus | 10 | 15 | −2.09 | −0.90 |
| Anatomical structure development | 6 | 15 | −2.14 | 0.33 |
| Regulation of biological quality | 2 | 8 | −2.22 | −0.07 |
| Multicellular organismal process | 13 | 22 | −2.25 | −0.31 |
| System process | 1 | 4 | −2.59 | −1.60 |
| Signal transduction | 9 | 17 | −2.77 | −0.84 |
| Cell communication | 9 | 18 | −3.19 | −1.08 |
| Epidermis development | 0 | 6 | −1.00 | 4.99 |
| Translational elongation | 1 | 4 | 0.62 | 4.51 |
| Translation | 2 | 8 | −0.05 | 3.95 |
| Glycoprotein metabolic process | 3 | 4 | 1.84 | 2.70 |
| Gene expression | 19 | 31 | −0.19 | 2.54 |
| Nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome | 2 | 3 | 1.29 | 2.25 |
| Blood vessel development | 1 | 4 | −0.39 | 2.04 |
| Negative regulation of cellular process | 5 | 3 | −1.13 | −2.02 |
| Molecular Function | ||||
| Protein complex binding | 4 | 1 | 2.94 | −0.01 |
| Acid-amino acid ligase activity | 4 | 1 | 2.86 | −0.04 |
| Ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds | 4 | 2 | 2.55 | 0.76 |
| Receptor activity | 3 | 5 | −2.02 | −1.20 |
| Structural constituent of ribosome | 1 | 5 | 0.17 | 4.69 |
| Structural molecule activity | 1 | 9 | −1.24 | 3.45 |
| Protein binding | 48 | 50 | 1.30 | 2.02 |
| Transcription factor activity | 5 | 0 | 0 | −2.29 |
| Cellular Component | ||||
| Cytoplasm | 54 | 48 | 2.76 | 2.49 |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | 11 | 4 | 2.56 | −0.33 |
| Intracellular | 72 | 68 | 2.48 | 3.15 |
| Intracellular membrane-bound organelle | 57 | 47 | 2.69 | 1.60 |
| Intracellular organelle | 60 | 56 | 2.19 | 2.54 |
| Vesicle | 8 | 2 | 2.22 | −0.78 |
| Golgi apparatus | 11 | 5 | 2.86 | 0.30 |
| Mitochondrion | 1 | 6 | −2.09 | 0.33 |
| Extracellular region | 4 | 7 | −2.24 | −0.96 |
| Intrinsic to plasma membrane | 1 | 6 | −2.32 | −0.05 |
| Ribonucleoprotein complex | 3 | 11 | 0.15 | 5.58 |
| Ribosome | 1 | 6 | −0.08 | 5.21 |
| Macromolecular complex | 17 | 30 | 0.03 | 4.33 |
| Nuclear part | 12 | 21 | 0.64 | 4.3 |
| Nuclear lumen | 11 | 17 | 1.08 | 3.87 |
| Intracellular organelle lumen | 11 | 19 | 0.36 | 3.66 |
| Non-membrane-bound organelle | 14 | 24 | 0.01 | 3.61 |
| Intracellular organelle part | 24 | 33 | 0.29 | 3.31 |
| Intracellular non-membrane-bound organelle | 15 | 22 | 0.26 | 2.86 |
| Nucleus | 32 | 37 | 0.89 | 2.83 |
| Nucleoplasm | 4 | 10 | −0.42 | 2.79 |
| Nucleolus | 7 | 8 | 1.61 | 2.5 |
| Membrane | 46 | 26 | 1.38 | −2.15 |
| Intrinsic to membrane | 30 | 17 | 0.15 | −2.17 |
Listed ontologies, with some of the highest and lowest z-scores, were selected after the analysis of non- and log-transformed data. Criteria for inclusion in the table were the same as in Table 6. High and low values for the male (M) and female (F) groups in designated ontologies are highlighted in bold.