Table 7.
Effect of MGD on Genes Related to Keratinization
| Gene | Keratinocyte Differentiation | Keratinization | Epidermal Cell Differentiation | Ectoderm Development | Epidermis Development | Tissue Development |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actin, α, cardiac muscle 1 | ↑ | |||||
| Activin A receptor, type 1B | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | |||
| Cornifelin | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B | ↑ | |||||
| Cystatin A | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |
| E2F transcription factor 4 | ↑ | |||||
| Exostoses | ↓ | |||||
| Keratin 10 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |||
| Keratin 6B | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |||
| LIM homeobox 1 | ↓ | ↓ | ||||
| Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |
| Myogenic factor 6 | ↑ | |||||
| Pleiotrophin | ↓ | |||||
| Protein kinase C, θ | ↑ | |||||
| S100 calcium binding protein A7 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |
| Small proline-rich protein 1A | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Small proline-rich protein 2A | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Small proline-rich protein 2E | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Small proline-rich protein 2F | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Small proline-rich protein 3 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
Genes in a given ontology were significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in meibomian glands of MGD patients (↑) or control subjects (↓). Results were generated by the analyses of non- and log-transformed data. The z-scores for log-transformed categories were 9.7 (keratinocyte differentiation), 9.0 (epidermal cell differentiation), 8.0 (keratinization), 6.3 (ectoderm development), 5.9 (epidermis development), and 3.7 (tissue development).