Table 3.
Clinical outcomes of the prostate cancer and BPH groups.
| Biomarker | Placebo | Lycopene | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (mean ± SD) | End of intervention (mean ± SD) | Difference (mean ± SD) | Baseline (mean ± SD) | End of intervention (mean ± SD) | Difference (mean ± SD) | P | ||
| Prostate cancer | plasma lycopene (μmol/L) | 0.58 ± 0.40 N=21 |
0.58 ± 0.43 N=21 |
-0.001 ± 0.270 N=21 |
0.74 ± 0.37 N=25 |
1.43 ± 0.65 N=24 |
0.707 ± 0.602 N=24 |
<0.00011 |
| prostate tissue lycopene (pmol/mg tissue) | 0.52 ± 0.66 N=18 |
0.71 ± 0.60 N=24 |
0.062 | |||||
| prostate tissue 8-oxo-dG/106 dG | 113 ± 103 N=16 |
134 ± 76 N=22 |
0.512 | |||||
| plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (μM) | 0.132 ± 0.097 N=20 |
0.178 ± 0.136 N=19 |
0.040 ± 0.107 N=19 |
0.235 ± 0.150 N=25 |
0.247 ± 0.159 N=23 |
-0.001 ± 0.159 N=23 |
0.341 | |
| BPH | plasma lycopene (μmol/L) | 0.613 ± 0.355 N=28 |
0.593 ± 0.360 N=27 |
-0.025 ± 0.266 N=27 |
0.734 ± 0.409 N=27 |
1.42 ± 0.58 N=27 |
0.691 ± 0.593 N=27 |
<0.00011 |
| prostate tissue lycopene (pmol/mg tissue) | 0.39 ± 0.42 N=28 |
0.464 ± 0.428 N=25 |
0.0482 | |||||
| prostate tissue 8-oxo-dG/106 dG | 245 ± 425 N=25 |
117 ± 89 N=25 |
0.152 | |||||
| plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (μM) | 0.240 ± 0.157 N=29 |
0.243 ± 0.205 N=26 |
-0.009 ± 0.138 N=26 |
0.195 ± 0.140 N=27 |
0.185 ± 0.152 N=26 |
-0.014 ± 0.135 N=26 |
0.901 | |
1
P-value determined by comparing the mean of differences between baseline and end of intervention for the placebo vs. lycopene-treatment groups
2
P-value determined by comparing the mean of placebo vs. lycopene-treatment groups using the Mann-Whitney test