Table 2.
Subcutaneous fat mass measurements according to maternal smoking during pregnancy category
| N = 907 | No smoking (n = 699, 77.1%) | Smoked in first trimester only (n = 83, 9.2%) | Continued smoking (n = 125, 13.8%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.5 months (n = 758) | |||
| Age (months) | 1.60 (1.12–2.47) | 1.59 (1.08–2.49) | 1.63 (1.03–2.66) |
| Triceps (mm) | 6.6 (4.0–12.0) | 6.5 (4.0–12.0) | 6.6 (3.5–12.0) |
| Biceps (mm) | 5.5 (3.0–11.0) | 5.5 (3.0–10.0) | 5.6 (3.0–10.0) |
| Suprailiacal (mm) | 5.8 (3.0–10.0) | 5.8 (3.0–10.4) | 5.7 (3.0–9.9) |
| Subscapular (mm) | 6.2 (4.0–9.6) | 6.3 (4.0–10.0) | 6.1 (3.0–9.0) |
| Peripheral fat mass (mm) | 12.2 (7.0–22.2) | 12.0 (7.0–22.3) | 12.2 (7.0–21.0) |
| Central fat mass (mm) | 12.0 (7.0–19.0) | 12.1 (7.8–20.0) | 11.8 (7.0–19.0) |
| Total fat mass (mm) | 24.2 (15.0–39.9) | 24.1 (15.5–41.4) | 24.0 (14.0–40.5) |
| 6 months (n = 791) | |||
| Age (months) | 6.49 (5.61–7.88) | 6.52 (5.70–7.84) | 6.48 (5.46–7.91) |
| Triceps (mm) | 7.9 (5.0–13.0) | 8.1 (4.7–14.0) | 7.8 (5.0–11.4) |
| Biceps (mm) | 6.5 (4.0–11.0) | 6.9 (4.0–11.3) | 6.6 (4.0–10.0) |
| Suprailiacal (mm) | 6.3 (3.5–10.0) | 6.7 (3.5–9.3) | 6.1 (3.1–9.8) |
| Subscapular (mm) | 6.3 (4.0–9.0) | 6.6 (4.0–9.6) | 6.3 (4.0–9.0) |
| Peripheral fat mass (mm) | 14.5 (9.0–22.0) | 14.9 (9.0–25.3) | 14.4 (9.1–21.0) |
| Central fat mass (mm) | 12.6 (8.0–19.0) | 13.3 (8.0–19.0) | 12.4 (7.6–18.0) |
| Total fat mass (mm) | 27.1 (19.0–39.0) | 28.2 (17.0–43.3) | 26.8 (17.1–37.4) |
| 24 months (n = 658) | |||
| Age (months) | 25.29 (23.79–27.61) | 25.45 (23.92–29.16) | 25.51 (23.95–28.04) |
| Triceps (mm) | 8.8 (5.0–14.0) | 8.7 (4.0–13.3) | 9.0 (5.0–13.9) |
| Biceps (mm) | 6.7 (4.0–11.0) | 6.6 (3.4–11.7) | 6.9 (4.0–11.0) |
| Suprailiacal (mm) | 5.6 (3.0–9.0) | 5.8 (3.0–11.3) | 5.7 (3.0–9.0) |
| Subscapular (mm) | 6.0 (3.5–9.0) | 6.2 (4.0–10.0) | 6.3 (4.0–9.8) |
| Peripheral fat mass (mm) | 15.5 (9.0–24.0) | 15.3 (9.0–24.8) | 15.8 (9.6–24.0) |
| Central fat mass (mm) | 11.6 (7.0–18.0) | 12.0 (7.2–18.7) | 12.0 (7.0–18.0) |
| Total fat mass (mm) | 27.1 (17.5–40.0) | 27.3 (18.0–44.2) | 28.0 (18.0–41.1) |
Values are medians (90% range). Differences in child characteristics (compared with the non-smoking category) were evaluated using Students t test for continuous variables
Peripheral subcutaneous fat mass was calculated from the sum of biceps SFT + triceps SFT. Central subcutaneous fat mass was calculated from the sum of suprailiacal SFT + subscapular SFT. Total subcutaneous fat mass was calculated from the sum of biceps SFT + triceps SFT + suprailiacal SFT + subscapular SFT