Table 4.
Associations of maternal smoking during pregnancy with anthropometrics in children aged 1.5, 6 and 24 months
| 1.5 months | 6 months | 24 months | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Height (cm) | Weight (g) | Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | Height (cm) | Weight (g) | Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | Height (cm) | Weight (g) | Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | |
| Maternal smoking | N = 765 | N = 767 | N = 765 | N = 774 | N = 776 | N = 774 | N = 671 | N = 692 | N = 671 |
| No (n = 699) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| First trimester only (n = 83) | −0.51 (−1.06, 0.03) | −5 (−152, 142) | 0.22 (−0.13, 0.56) | −0.24 (−0.80, 0.33) | 107 (−87, 300) | 0.35 (0.03, 0.67)* | 0.14 (−0.60, 0.88) | 12 (−310, 334) | −0.11 (−0.44, 0.21) |
| <5 cigarettes/day (n = 53) | −0.62 (−1.11, −0.13)* | −101 (−235, 32) | 0.01 (−0.30, 0.32) | −0.20 (−0.70, 0.30) | 18 (−158, 194) | 0.14 (−0.16, 0.43) | −0.19 (−0.88, 0.50) | −42 (−343, 258) | −0.05 (−0.35, 0.25) |
| >5 cigarettes/day (n = 30) | −0.90 (−1.46, −0.34)** | −200 (−353, −46)* | −0.19 (−0.55, 0.17) | −0.63 (−1.18, −0.07)* | −52 (−246, 142) | −0.19 (−0.13, 0.52) | −0.42 (−1.19, 0.34) | −208 (−544, 127) | −0.15 (−0.49, 0.19) |
| P for trend | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 | P = 0.38 | P = 0.03 | P = 0.71 | P = 0.17 | P = 0.25 | P = 0.24 | P = 0.38 |
| Continued (n = 125) | −0.96 (−1.46, −0.47)** | −268 (−402, −134)** | −0.33 (−0.64, −0.01)* | −0.45 (−0.94, 0.05) | −103 (−274, 68) | −0.01 (−0.29, 0.28) | −0.69 (−1.38, 0) | −263 (−567,42) | −0.11 (−0.42, 0.19) |
| <5 cigarettes/day (n = 51) | −1.02 (−1.75, −0.30)** | −264 (−461, −67)** | −0.27 (−0.73, 0.19) | −0.41 (−1.12, 0.31) | −144 (−390, 102) | −0.10 (−0.51, 0.30) | −0.88 (−1.91, 0.16) | −524 (−974, −73)* | −0.44 (−0.89, 0.01) |
| >5 cigarettes/day (n = 53) | −1.14 (−1.83, −0.45)** | −363 (−550, −175)** | −0.53 (−0.97, −0.09)* | −0.54 (−1.24, 0.17) | −189 (−431, 53) | −0.14 (−0.54, 0.27) | −0.80 (−1.75, 0.16) | −229 (−653, 194) | 0.02 (−0.40, 0.45) |
| P for trend | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 | P = 0.01 | P = 0.08 | P = 0.07 | P = 0.43 | P = 0.04 | P = 0.07 | P = 0.54 |
Values are regression coefficients (95% confidence interval) using multiple linear regression models
Models are adjusted for child’s age at visit, sex, maternal education, maternal height and weight, breastfeeding ever
* P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01