Table 5.
Expression rates of angiogenesis related proteins in DCIS
| Biomarker | First author and reference | Year | No. of samples | Expression rate, % | Definition of positivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) | |||||
| Hieken 48 | 2001 | 103 | 86 | Cytoplasmic and/or membrane staining in more than 10% of tumor cells. | |
| Perrone 20 | 2005 | 49 | 93.8 | Staining (defined as appropriate brown staining in the tumor cell cytoplasm) in more than 10% of tumor cells. | |
| Heparanase-1 (HPR1) | |||||
| Maxhimer 56 | 2005 | 45 | 42.2 | Nuclear staining in more than 20% of tumor cells. | |