Table 4.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and 5-year Risk of Death
| NPI Symptom(s) | Presence of Any Symptoms | Clinically Significant Symptoms† |
|---|---|---|
| HR* (95% CI) | HR* (95% CI) | |
| 0 | Reference | Reference |
| 1 | 0.79 (0.53-1.17) | 1.03 (0.73-1.45) |
| ≥2 | 1.00 (0.66-1.51) | |
| Cognitive Category | 1.73 (1.47-2.02) | 1.69 (1.42-2.02) |
| Delusions | 0.88 (0.48-1.62) | 0.84 (0.42-1.66) |
| Hallucinations | 1.24 (0.74-2.07) | 2.59 (1.09-6.16) |
| Agitation | 0.91 (0.64-1.29) | 0.95 (0.50-1.82) |
| Depression | 1.56 (1.08-2.26) | 1.61 (0.95-2.74) |
| Apathy | 1.18 (0.65-2.16) | 1.45 (0.83-2.52) |
| Elation‡ | - | - |
| Anxiety | 0.67 (0.35-1.27) | 0.98 (0.52-1.86) |
| Disinhibition | 0.57 (0.24-1.34) | 0.38 (0.08-1.74) |
| Irritation | 1.24 (0.73-2.11) | 1.03 (0.57-1.86) |
| Aberrant Motor Behaviors | 0.92 (0.50-1.66) | 0.86 (0.48-1.56) |
| Cognitive Category | 1.77 (1.50-2.10) | 1.65 (1.38-1.97) |
Note.
*
HR derived by using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with the 5-year risk of death as the dependent variable. 95% confidence intervals are in parentheses.
The model adjusts for cognitive category (e.g., CIND, mild/moderate/severe dementia), sociodemographic characteristics, relevant medications, and medical comorbidities.
†
Clinically significant symptoms is defined as a frequency score times severity score of >=4.
‡
Unable to estimate due to small sample size
Abbreviation: NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory.