Table 2.
Associations between risk factors and cervical cancer with use of the visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) screening method in Khartoum State, Sudan (n = 100)
| Risk factor | % VIA (positive) | % VIA (negative) | Odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uterine cervix laceration | 71.4 | 11.8 | 18.6 | 4.64–74.8 | 0.001 |
| Assisted vaginal delivery | 66.7 | 12.5 | 13.2 | 2.95–58.9 | 0.003 |
| Parity | 23.3 | 5 | 5.78 | 1.41–23.7 | 0.02 |
| Female genital mutilation | 21.9 | 5.5 | 4.78 | 1.13–20.1 | 0.04 |
| Episiotomy | 32.4 | 8.7 | 5.25 | 1.15–23.8 | 0.05 |
| Male partner circumcision | 18.1 | 50.0 | 0.18 | 0.01–2.29 | 0.3 |
| Use of contraception method | 10 | 18.5 | 0.48 | 0.13–1.83 | 0.3 |
| Use of cosmetic smoking in lower part of body | 18.3 | 33.3 | 0.53 | 0.03–3.96 | 0.4 |