Invasion of epithelial cells is reduced in Spb1− GBS. Graphs illustrate the relative invasion of A549 respiratory epithelial cells, HeLa cervical epithelial cells, and C2Bbe1 colonic epithelial cells by RDP type III-3 wild-type strain 874391 (black bars), the spb1-deficient isogenic mutant strain Spb1− (white bars), and the Spb1− strain complemented in trans, strain Spb1c (stripped bars). Bars represent the reduction in invasion of recombinant strains relative to that of the wild-type strain 874391 for each inoculum tested. Spb1− invades all epithelial cells significantly less well than the wild-type strain 874391. Complementation of the Spb1− mutant in trans restores invasion to a level comparable to that of the parental strain. Data represent means ± SEM from three or four separate experiments.