FIGURE 2. Elevated production of IL-17 by PBMCs from T2D patients.

A, PBMCs from ND (white bars) or T2D (black bars) donors were incubated for 40 h in media alone or with PHA, anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28, or LPS as indicated. Samples were analyzed for IL-17 by ELISA. Bars show average and SEM. p values were calculated by the Mann–Whitney U test and are shown above bars that are significantly different between ND and T2D donors (p < 0.05). Significant differences (not shown) within the ND cohort include: media versus PHA, p = 0.0116; and media versus CD3+28, p = 0.0019. Significant differences (not shown) within the T2D cohort include: media versus PHA, p = 0.0002; media versus CD3+28, p = 0.0008; and media versus LPS, p = 0.01. All other comparisons were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). n = 8–11 for ND donors and n = 7–13 for T2D patients described in Table III. ChIP measuring association of acetylated histone H3 to the IL-17 (B) or RORC (C) promoter in PBMCs from ND (white bars) and T2D (black bars) donors. Cells were unstimulated or stimulated as indicated for 40 h. Bars show average signal compared with control immunoprecipitations with GST Ab ± SEM. n = 3–6. The p values that were significant (p < 0.05) or approached significance (p < 0.08) as measured by Mann–Whitney U test are indicated on graphs.