FIGURE 7. The percentage of anti-inflammatory Tregs is decreased in T2D patients.

A, One representative of eight ND samples or eleven T2D samples stained for CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ cells in fresh ex vivo PBMCs as indicated. Isotype control is from the T2D sample shown rightmost. B, Summary of percentage of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T cells in ND (white bars) or T2D (black bars) donors. The p value shown above bars was calculated by a Mann–Whitney U test. C, Summary of percentage of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T cells in fresh ex vivo PBMCs or from the following samples after 40 h (unstimulated) in culture: PBMCs, B cell-depleted PBMCs (CD19⁻), monocyte-depleted PBMCs (CD14⁻), or CD4⁺ (negatively selected) T cells as indicated. For B and C, bars show average and SEM and n = 5–11. Analysis of CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ T cells gave similar results (not shown). D, Comparison of percentage of CD3⁺CCR4⁺CCR6⁺ T cells (Th17s) and CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ (Tregs) in ND (gray dots) and T2D (black squares) PBMCs. Each point represents one donor. The p value shown was calculated by a Mann–Whitney U test. E, Linear regression between BMI (x-axis) and percentage of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T cells (y-axis) in T2D patients. The p value is indicated on the graph, and the r² value is shown below the p value.