Table 3.

Multilevel Regression Models Measuring the Spillover Effect of Foreign Investment at the Regional Level, 1999–2001

Variables	1999	2001
Firm Characteristics
Foreign-owned firm
Intercept	2.000**	2.243**
	(0.033)	(0.034)
Proportion workers in foreign firms in state	0.154	−0.057
	(0.084)	(0.100)
Domestic firm
Intercept	1.766**	2.002**
	(0.031)	(0.030)
Proportion workers in foreign firms in state	0.387**	0.203*
	(0.078)	(0.097)
Firm size	1.109**	0.386
	(0.250)	(0.199)
Part of a large conglomerate	0.107**	0.111**
	(0.017)	(0.030)
Years of operation of firm	0.002**	0.002**
	(0.001)	(0.000)
Productivity	0.051	0.049**
	(0.027)	(0.013)
Percent automated equipment	0.111**	0.104**
	(0.029)	(0.024)
Research and development	0.029	0.045*
	(0.023)	(0.020)
Industries
Food, beverages and tobacco	0.092	0.015
	(0.048)	(0.038)
Wood and wood products	0.163	−0.014
	(0.091)	(0.035)
Paper products and printing	0.196**	0.103
	(0.047)	(0.066)
Chemical industries, various	0.199**	0.097**
	(0.040)	(0.037)
Mineral products non-metal	0.154**	0.077
	(0.037)	(0.070)
Basic metal industries	0.253**	0.098
	(0.093)	(0.052)
Metal prods., machinery, eqmt.	0.190**	0.103**
	(0.036)	(0.036)
Other industries	0.097	0.288**
	(0.095)	(0.098)
Worker Characteristics
Skilled blue collar	0.270**	0.352**
	(0.022)	(0.024)
White collar	0.616**	0.644**
	(0.030)	(0.031)
Managers	1.588**	1.756**
	(0.052)	(0.056)
Female	−0.084**	−0.069**
	(0.012)	(0.012)
Proportion female	−0.188**	−0.185**
	(0.046)	(0.031)
Proportion permanent	0.192**	0.178**
	(0.048)	(0.048)
Education Level
Average years of education	−0.085**	−0.020
	(0.027)	(0.031)
Average years of education squared	0.007**	0.003
	(0.001)	(0.001)
Tenure
	0.017**	0.015**
Average years of tenure	(0.002)	(0.002)
Variance Components
Foreign-owned firm slope	0.1207**	0.1400**
Domestic firm slope	0.1600**	0.1514**
Level 1	0.6046	0.4843

^*p<.05

^**p<.01 (two-tailed tests)