Table 4.
Socio-economic and demographic correlates of healthy lifestyle behaviour among Ghanaian adults (2003 and 2008)
| Socio-demographic variables | 2003 B (Std. Error) | 2008 B (Std. Error) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females | Males | Females | Males | |
| Constant | 1.489 (.374)*** | 2.454 (.456)*** | 1.827 (.076)*** | 1.686 (.094)*** |
| Type of place of residence | ||||
| Rural◙ | ||||
| Urban | -.136 (.178) | -.493 (.246)* | -.038 (.048) | -.025 (.056) |
| Age | ||||
| 18-19◙ | ||||
| 20-29 | .251 (.363) | .281 (.393) | -.052 (.067) | .035 (.074) |
| 30-39 | .176 (.388) | -.112 (.448) | .000 (.076) | .023 (.090) |
| 40-49 | .206 (.404) | -.398 (.475) | .043 (.080) | .068 (.096) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married◙ | ||||
| Married/cohabiting | -.246 (.229) | .784 (.275)** | -.069 (.053) | .111 (.060) |
| Formerly married | -.489 (.295) | .040 (.487) | -.059 (.075) | -.009 (.109) |
| Highest level of educational attainment | ||||
| No formal education◙ | ||||
| Primary education | -.088 (.167) | -.639 (.250)* | .089 (.053) | .318 (.074)*** |
| Secondary education | -.063 (.322) | -.634 (.376) | .188 (.049)*** | .426 (.065)*** |
| Higher education | -.331 (.605) | -.570 (.523) | .252 (.112)* | .521 (.101)*** |
| Main occupation | ||||
| Not working◙ | ||||
| Professional | -.478 (.333) | -.864 (.409)* | .338 (.097)*** | .045 (.080) |
| Sales/services | .116 (.242) | .145 (.353) | .281 (.054)*** | .012 (.089) |
| Agriculture/fishery | .848 (.248)** | 1.110 (321)** | .481 (.063)*** | .216 (.076)** |
| Plant/machine operators and elementary work | .273 (.297) | .478 (.444) | .170 (.071)* | .049 (.076) |
| Income quintile | ||||
| Poorest◙ | ||||
| Poor | .269 (.223) | .736 (.298)* | .003 (.056) | .336 (.066)*** |
| Middle | .289 (.229) | .603 (.303)* | -.129 (.063)* | .176 (.077)* |
| Rich | -.165 (.242) | -.009 (.315) | -.207 (.070)** | . 121 (.085) |
| Richest | -.077 (268) | .352 (.366) | -.294 (.077)*** | -.044 (.094) |
◙ = Reference category ***P < 0.001 **P < 0.01 *P < 0.05
Total N 2003 (Females = 1,519, Males = 1,278) 2008 (Females = 4,306, Males = 3,503)
Source: Generated from WHS-Ghana 2003 and GDHS, 2008