Table 5.
Results of adjusted analyses in AGA infants from general linear model (GLM) and logistic regression models (Step 3: Adjusted Analyses)
| Model Type/Outcome | Model* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Critical Illness | Total Energy (per 1 kcal/kg/d) | Interaction** | |||||
| Continuous Outcomes: GLM models | Parameter Estimate | 95% CI | p-value | Parameter Estimate | 95% CI | p-value | p-value |
| Growth Velocity (all infants; g/kg/d) | −1.80 | −3.39, −0.20 | 0.028 | 0.022 | −0.035, 0.079 | 0.45 | NS |
| Growth Velocity (survivors to 36 weeks; g/kg/d) | −1.17 | −1.60, −0.75 | <.0001 | 0.022 | 0.0065, 0.037 | 0.0055 | NS |
| Binary Outcomes: Logistic models | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-value | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-value | p-value |
| NEC | 0.60 | 0.38, 0.96 | 0.035 | 0.98 | 0.97, 1.0 | 0.032 | NS |
| NEC or death | 1.26 | 0.86, 1.84 | 0.24 | 0.98 | 0.96, 0.99 | 0.0002 | NS |
| Late onset sepsis | 1.16 | 0.86, 1.55 | 0.33 | 0.99 | 0.97, 0.99 | 0.0043 | NS |
| Late onset sepsis or death | 1.25 | 0.93, 1.68 | 0.13 | 0.98 | 0.97, 0.99 | 0.0002 | NS |
| BPD | 3.42 | 2.46, 4.76 | <.0001 | 0.99 | 0.97, 0.99 | 0.037 | NS |
| BPD or death | 3.39 | 2.46, 4.66 | <.0001 | 0.98 | 0.97, 0.99 | 0.01 | NS |
| NDI | Total Energy Intake, more vs less critically ill† | More Critically Ill: | |||||
| No difference: 9.42 | 2.78, 31.92 | 0.0003 | 0.97 | 0.95, 0.99 | 0.0018 | 0.0097 | |
| +10 kcal/kg/d: 6.81 | 2.53, 18.30 | 0.0001 | Less Critically Ill: | ||||
| +20 kcal/kg/d: 4.92 | 2.29, 10.59 | < 0.0001 | 1.00 | 0.98, 1.02 | 0.73 | ||
| NDI or death | Total Energy Intake, more vs less critically ill† | More Critically Ill: | |||||
| No difference: 7.23 | 2.54, 20.53 | 0.0002 | 0.97 | 0.96, 0.99 | 0.0008 | 0.018 | |
| +10 kcal/kg/d: 5.61 | 2.40, 13.11 | < 0.0001 | Less Critically Ill: | ||||
| +20 kcal/kg/d: 4.36 | 2.25, 8.44 | < 0.0001 | 1.00 | 0.98, 1.01 | 0.90 | ||
Model includes critical illness variable (ventilated DOL 1–7, yes or no) + total energy variable + covariates (birth weight, gender, race, antenatal steroids, intrapartum antibiotics, and center).
Model was also run with an interaction term for the critical illness × total energy variable; results for models with non-significant (NS) interactions are reported after excluding this term. A significant interaction indicates that the effects of critical illness and nutrition are modified by one another.
Quadratic terms included to test for a non-linear relationship between nutrition and outcome were NS.
Odds ratios are calculated directly from the model parameter estimates using varying amounts of total energy to illustrate the change in the odds ratio as total energy intake increases in the more critically ill.