Table 3.
Multivariate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for moderate-to-severe LUTS (n=425), voiding (n=216), storage (n=744), and post-micturition (n=204) symptoms, by macronutrient intakes in BACH survey women (N=2,060) 1
| Macronutrient | Quintile of intake | P trend | P trend with continuous symptom score | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||
| Total energy intake, median | 840 kcal/d | 1,171 kcal/d | 1,494 kcal/d | 1,860 kcal/d | 2,453 kcal/d | ||||||
| Total LUTS | 1.00 | 0.97 | (0.53, 1.78) | 0.75 | (0.42, 1.32) | 1.08 | (0.59, 1.98) | 1.77* | (1.01, 3.09 | 0.01 | 0.14 |
| Voiding symptoms | 1.00 | 0.78 | (0.34, 1.81) | 1.06 | (0.52, 2.19) | 0.43* | (0.21, 0.91) | 1.26 | (0.65, 2.44 | 0.79 | 0.15 |
| Storage symptoms | 1.00 | 1.13 | (0.72, 1.78) | 0.89 | (0.56, 1.43) | 1.04 | (0.66, 1.65) | 1.03 | (0.63, 1.69 | 0.95 | 0.21 |
| Post-micturition symptoms | 1.00 | 1.02 | (0.48, 2.15) | 0.71 | (0.36, 1.41) | 0.98 | (0.46, 2.10) | 1.42 | (0.71, 2.85) | 0.16 | 0.01 |
| Carbohydrates, median | 188 g | 221 g | 244 g | 267 g | 305 g | ||||||
| Total LUTS | 1.00 | 0.72 | (0.44, 1.18) | 0.91 | (0.54, 1.52) | 0.97 | (0.56, 1.70) | 0.84 | (0.48, 1.48) | 0.81 | 0.40 |
| Voiding symptoms | 1.00 | 0.68 | (0.34, 1.35) | 0.97 | (0.51, 1.83) | 0.90 | (0.49, 1.66) | 0.93 | (0.44, 1.96) | 0.80 | 0.85 |
| Storage symptoms | 1.00 | 0.76 | (0.49, 1.19) | 0.71 | (0.42, 1.18) | 0.81 | (0.51, 1.30) | 0.75 | (0.47, 1.20) | 0.11 | 0.24 |
| Post-micturition symptoms | 1.00 | 0.53 | (0.27, 1.05) | 0.58 | (0.29, 1.16) | 0.73 | (0.30, 1.77) | 0.62 | (0.30, 1.28) | 0.26 | 0.45 |
| Protein, median | 57 g | 71 g | 81 g | 91 g | 110 g | ||||||
| Total LUTS | 1.00 | 0.98 | (0.54, 1.78) | 1.50 | (0.85, 2.67) | 0.86 | (0.48, 1.55) | 1.03 | (0.57, 1.86) | 0.90 | 0.58 |
| Voiding symptoms | 1.00 | 1.27 | (0.63, 2.57) | 1.55 | (0.75, 3.23) | 1.36 | (0.66, 2.81) | 1.08 | (0.49, 2.36) | 0.95 | 0.64 |
| Storage symptoms | 1.00 | 1.23 | (0.72, 2.11) | 1.30 | (0.81, 2.07) | 1.30 | (0.81, 2.07) | 1.66* | (1.05, 2.62) | 0.03 | 0.19 |
| Post-micturition symptoms | 1.00 | 1.77 | (0.85, 3.71) | 1.50 | (0.72, 3.10) | 1.26 | (0.61, 2.62) | 1.65 | (0.85, 3.20) | 0.37 | 0.43 |
| Total fat, median | 55 g | 67 g | 76 g | 84 g | 97 g | ||||||
| Total LUTS | 1.00 | 1.77 | (0.98, 3.18) | 1.52 | (0.89, 2.61) | 1.75* | (1.00, 3.06) | 1.52 | (0.91, 2.53) | 0.41 | 0.16 |
| Voiding symptoms | 1.00 | 2.84** | (1.42, 5.66) | 2.35** | (1.23, 4.47) | 2.05* | (0.99, 4.25) | 1.90 | (0.94, 3.86) | 0.62 | 0.51 |
| Storage symptoms | 1.00 | 1.42 | (0.93, 2.17) | 0.90 | (0.57, 1.41) | 1.14 | (0.71, 1.82) | 1.52 | (0.96, 2.40) | 0.19 | 0.13 |
| Post-micturition symptoms | 1.00 | 2.02 | (0.98, 4.15) | 1.97* | (1.00, 3.89) | 1.63 | (0.82, 3.26) | 2.20* | (1.11, 4.36) | 0.23 | 0.16 |
| Saturated fat, median | 16.5 g | 21.2 g | 24.6 g | 27.8 g | 33.0 g | ||||||
| Total LUTS | 1.00 | 1.38 | (0.77, 2.50) | 0.97 | (0.53, 1.77) | 0.88 | (0.36, 2.20) | 1.23 | (0.59, 2.60) | 0.48 | 0.21 |
| Voiding symptoms | 1.00 | 1.56 | (0.78, 3.12) | 1.91 | (0.80, 4.54) | 0.84 | (0.36, 1.96) | 1.39 | (0.58, 3.29) | 0.82 | 0.99 |
| Storage symptoms | 1.00 | 1.26 | (0.75, 2.11) | 0.80 | (0.48, 1.31) | 1.07 | (0.58, 1.98) | 1.36 | (0.77, 2.41) | 0.14 | 0.04 |
| Post-micturition symptoms | 1.00 | 2.20* | (1.07, 4.53) | 2.40* | (1.08, 5.34) | 3.92** | (1.43, 10.8) | 3.94** | (1.57, 9.89) | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| Monounsaturated fat, median | 20.3 g | 25.6 g | 29.6 g | 33.5 g | 39.8 g | ||||||
| Total LUTS | 1.00 | 1.60 | (0.88, 2.91) | 1.59 | (0.78, 3.28) | 1.58 | 0.72, 3.48 | 2.04 | (0.84, 4.94) | 0.54 | 0.52 |
| Voiding symptoms | 1.00 | 1.32 | (0.56, 3.07) | 1.36 | (0.54 3.43) | 1.04 | 0.44, 2.47 | 1.49 | (0.52, 4.21) | 0.41 | 0.33 |
| Storage symptoms | 1.00 | 1.15 | (0.70, 1.87) | 1.09 | (0.65, 1.80) | 1.13 | 0.64, 2.03 | 1.27 | (0.68, 2.39) | 0.85 | 0.92 |
| Post-micturition symptoms | 1.00 | 1.45 | (0.57, 3.67) | 0.81 | (0.31, 2.11) | 0.61 | 0.19, 1.91 | 0.92 | (0.28, 3.00) | 0.76 | 0.96 |
| Polyunsaturated fat, median | 7.7 g | 10.6 g | 12.8 g | 15.3 g | 19.8 g | ||||||
| Total LUTS | 1.00 | 0.60 | (0.34, 1.05) | 0.61 | (0.36, 1.05 | 0.67 | 0.39, 1.15 | 0.54 | 0.28, 1.04 | 0.21 | 0.19 |
| Voiding symptoms | 1.00 | 1.36 | (0.67, 2.74) | 1.03 | (0.52, 2.07 | 0.72 | 0.35, 1.47 | 0.86 | 0.39, 1.87 | 0.37 | 0.29 |
| Storage symptoms | 1.00 | 1.02 | (0.62, 1.69) | 0.94 | (0.60, 1.48 | 0.72 | 0.44, 1.17 | 0.94 | 0.59, 1.51 | 0.71 | 0.28 |
| Post-micturition symptoms | 1.00 | 0.54* | (0.29, 1.00) | 0.67 | (0.34, 1.31 | 0.60 | 0.30, 1.17 | 0.71 | 0.34, 1.46 | 0.62 | 0.57 |
| Ratio of Saturated to Polyunsaturated fat, median | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 3.0 | ||||||
| Total LUTS | 1.00 | 1.18 | (0.70, 1.97) | 1.21 | (0.69, 2.12) | 1.79* | 1.03, 3.12 | 1.45 | 0.83, 2.53 | 0.21 | 0.14 |
| Voiding symptoms | 1.00 | 0.91 | (0.45, 1.84) | 1.29 | (0.64, 2.58) | 1.32 | 0.66, 2.65 | 1.24 | 0.64, 2.41 | 0.82 | 0.59 |
| Storage symptoms | 1.00 | 1.00 | (0.63, 1.57) | 0.81 | (0.51, 1.28) | 1.08 | 0.68, 1.71 | 1.10 | 0.72, 1.68 | 0.26 | 0.06 |
| Post-micturition symptoms | 1.00 | 0.85 | (0.38, 1.93) | 1.42 | (0.66, 3.04) | 1.59 | 0.81, 3.10 | 1.72 | 0.82, 3.61 | 0.06 | 0.18 |
1
The multivariate models included age (5-year categories), race (black, Hispanic, or white), waist circumference (quintiles), physical activity (low, medium, or high), cigarette smoking (never-smoker, < 2.5, 2.5–10, 10–20, or ≥ 20 pack-years), alcohol intake (quintiles of g/day), diabetes, cardiac disease, asthma, antispasmodic or anticholinergic medication use, and total energy intake (quintiles). Models for total LUTS, storage and post-micturition symptoms also controlled for total daily (non-alcoholic) fluid intake (quintiles). Models for saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat additionally adjusted for each other type of fat.
*
p ≤ 0.05
**
p ≤ 0.01