Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by CysC and MA groups
| Characteristics | CysC < 1.0 mg/L | CysC ≥ 1.0 mg/L |
Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| no MA | with MA | no MA | with MA | ||
| No. of participants | 4075 | 457 | 743 | 147 | 5422 |
| Age | 59 +/− 9 | 63 +/− 10 | 66 +/− 10 | 69 +/− 9 | 61 +/− 10 |
| Male | 1845 (45) | 270 (59) | 415 (56) | 101 (69) | 2631 (49) |
| Race | |||||
| White | 1566 (38) | 118 (26) | 340 (46) | 47 (32) | 2071 (38) |
| Chinese | 517 (13) | 65 (14) | 47 (6) | 14 (10) | 643 (12) |
| Black | 1100 (27) | 154 (34) | 207 (28) | 45 (31) | 1506 (28) |
| Hispanic | 892 (22) | 120 (26) | 149 (20) | 41 (28) | 1202 (22) |
| Former smoker | 1450 (36) | 191 (42) | 280 (38) | 64 (44) | 1985 (37) |
| Current Smoker | 498 (12) | 55 (12) | 128 (17) | 23 (16) | 704 (13) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 27.8 +/− 5.2 | 29.2 +/− 5.8 | 29.9 +/− 5.8 | 30.7 +/− 5.8 | 28.3 +/− 5.4 |
| Diabetes | 334 (8) | 155 (34) | 86 (12) | 38 (26) | 613 (11) |
| Hypertension | 1438 (35) | 304 (67) | 382 (51) | 108 (74) | 2232 (41) |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | 123 (20) | 136 (22) | 127 (20) | 139 (25) | 125 (21) |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | 72 (10) | 76 (11) | 71 (10) | 74 (11) | 72 (10) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 195 (34) | 195 (39) | 188 (35) | 184 (35) | 194 (35) |
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 118 (31) | 116 (33) | 114 (31) | 109 (30) | 117 (31) |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 52 (15) | 48 (13) | 47(13) | 45 (13) | 51 (15) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 105 [74, 152] | 121 [87, 183] | 122 [86, 172] | 135 [99, 198] | 109 [77, 158] |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 94 +/− 25 | 118 +/− 51 | 96 +/− 22 | 112 +/− 42 | 96 +/− 29 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1094 (27) | 229 (50) | 344 (46) | 92 (63) | 1759 (32) |
| C-reactive Protein (mg/l) | 1.66 [0.74, 3.89] | 2.33 [0.99, 4.63] | 2.58 [1.09, 5.07] | 2.71 [1.33, 6.22] | 1.84 [0.81, 4.14] |
| Antihypertensive medications | 1150 (28) | 250 (55) | 340 (46) | 92 (63) | 1832 (34) |
| Lipid lowering medications | 579 (14) | 82 (18) | 129 (17) | 27 (18) | 817 (15) |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 83 +/− 14 | 89 +/− 17 | 73 +/− 12 | 75 +/− 11 | 82 +/− 15 |
| CysC (mg/L) | 0.81 +/− 0.10 | 0.81 +/− 0.11 | 1.10 +/− 0.12 | 1.13 +/− 0.11 | 0.86 +/− 0.15 |
| ACR (ug/mg) | 4.5 [3.1, 7.4] | 37.7 [26.5, 81.0] | 5.0 [3.2, 8.6] | 51.6 [27.2, 158.2] | 5.1 [3.2, 10.0] |
Note: continuous data are presented either as mean +/− standard deviation or Median [25th, 75th percentile]; categorical data as no.(%).
Conversion factors for units: cystatin C in mg/L to nmol/L, ×74.9; total, LDL and HDL cholesterol in mg/dL to mmol/L, ×0.02586; triglycerides in mg/dL to mmol/L, ×0.01129; glucose in mg/dL to mmol/L, ×0.05551; eGFR (calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation) in mL/min/1.73m2 to mL/s/1.73 m2, ×0.01667.
Abbreviations: CysC, cystatin C; MA, microalbuminuria; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein