Table 1.
Subject population
| Parameter | Non-obese NGT |
Non-obese DYS |
Obese NGT | Obese DYS | DM | P value comparing groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 115 | 32 | 57 | 38 | 29 | |
| Sex (M/F) | 69/46 | 25/7 | 45/12 | 15/23 | 17/12 | 0.0008 |
| Race (Caucasian/AA/Asian) | 56/54/3 | 18/14/0 | 23/24/0 | 21/17/0 | 13/16/0 | 0.59 |
| Smoker (Y/N) | 63/52 | 13/19 | 27/30 | 9/29 | 12/17 | 0.018 |
| Age (yrs) | 36.0±0.8e | 38.2±1.5c | 32.4±1.1b,e | 35.9±1.4e | 43.0±1.6a,c,d | <0.0001 |
| Weight (kg) | 71.4±1.3c,de | 76.4±2.4c,d,e | 102.3±1.8a,b | 106.7±2.2a,b | 105.5±2.5a,b | <0.0001* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2±0.4b,c,d,e | 25.3±0.7a,c,d,e | 35.2±0.5a,b | 36.8±0.6a,b | 36.7±0.7a,b | <0.0001* |
| Waist (cm) | 98.2±1.7c | 91.4±3.3 | 85.3±2.4a,d,e | 102.0±3.0c | 96.7±3.3c | <0.0001* |
| Fasting Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.7±0.2e | 5.1±0.3e | 4.8±0.2e | 5.5±0.3e | 10.1±0.3a,b,c,d | <0.0001* |
| OGTT 30 min Glucose | 7.9±0.2e | 8.8±0.4c,e | 7.1±0.3b,d,e | 8.6±0.3c,e | 13.2±0.4a,b,c,d | <0.0001* |
| OGTT 120 min Glucose | 5.6±0.2b,d,e | 7.5±0.4a,c,e | 5.6±0.3b,d,e | 8.3±0.3a,c,e | 16.8±0.4a,b,c,d | <0.0001* |
| OGTT Glucose AUC (mmol*L−1* min) | 1310±29b,d,e | 1607±55a,c,e | 1239±43b,d,e | 1664±50a,c,e | 2803±62a,b,c,d | <0.0001* |
| Fasting Insulin (pmol/L) | 52.8±5.6c,d,e | 71.9±10.4 | 81.9±7.4a | 106.6±9.6a | 111.2±11.5a | <0.0001* |
| OGTT 30 min Insulin (pmol/L) | 310±38c,d | 387±72d | 492±50a,e | 697±62a,b,e | 213±85c,d | <0.0001* |
| OGTT Ins AUC (pmol*L−1*min) | 36963±6678d | 50810±12933d | 56638±9051d | 128780±11029a,b,c,e | 41083±14535d | <0.0001* |
| HOMA-IR | 2.3±0.5d,e | 3.1±1.0e | 3.1±0.7d,e | 6.7±0.9a,c | 8.0±1.1a,b,c | <0.0001* |
| Insulinogenic Index (pmol/mmol) | 187±71 | 135±133 | 462±97 | 263±118 | 24±157 | 0.085* |
| Disposition Index | 64.6±41.1d | 88.0±77.5 | 232.1±56.5 | 343.1±68.5a,e | 24.8±91.3d | 0.0027 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 126.5±1.5c,d,e | 129.4±2.8d,e | 133.6±2.1a,e | 140.3±2.5a,b | 144.0±2.9a,b,c | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73.3±0.9d,e | 74.6±1.6 | 77.1±1.2 | 79.9±1.5a | 80.5±1.7a | <0.0001 |
| Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.4±0.06e | 3.6±0.12 | 3.6±0.09 | 3.8±0.11 | 3.81±0.12a | 0.0156 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.18±0.08e | 1.15±0.15e | 1.18±0.11e | 1.42±0.14 | 1.89±0.16a,b,c | 0.0008 |
| LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.0±0.05d,e | 2.21±0.10 | 2.25±0.07 | 2.36±0.09a | 2.37±0.11a | 0.0014 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.96±0.03d,e | 0.97±0.05e | 0.93±0.03 | 0.82±0.04a | 0.78±0.05a,b | 0.0025 |
| Basal Leg Blood Flow (L/min) | 0.23±0.01c,d,e | 0.25±0.02 | 0.31±0.02a | 0.31±0.02a | 0.30±0.02a | <0.0001 |
Superscript letters indicate pairwise differences, specifying which group is significantly different from the current column (a= Non-obese NGT; b=Non-obese DYS; c=Obese NGT; d=Obese DYS; e=Obese DM).
*
indicates normalized values were used, see text. Data reported as mean ± SEM