TABLE 1.

Existing Practice Control Groups

Condition	Description	Stringency	Uniformity	Vulnerability to Unintentional Intensification
Naturalistic
Inadequate Care (IC)	Inaccessible or poor quality nonstudy care	Low	Trial- Dependent	Low
Treatment As Usual (TAU),       Usual Care (UC),       Routine Care (RC), or       Standard Care (SC)	Typical, normative, nonstudy care	Moderate	Trial- Dependent	High
Standard of Care (SOC)
Individualized (iSOC)	Individualized, state-of-the-art, guideline-adherent nonstudy care	High	Low	Low
Uniform (uSOC)	Uniform, state-of-the-art, guideline-adherent nonstudy care	High	High	Low
Modified
Standardized treatment regimen       (STR)	Nonstudy care is standardized for the trial to ensure uniformity of care, and possibly higher quality care	Moderate to High	High	Low
Constrained Usual Care (CUC)	Specific aspects of usual nonstudy care are withheld or discouraged during the trial	Moderate	Trial- Dependent	Trial- Dependent
Enhanced Usual Care (EUC)
Minimally Enhanced (mEUC)	Nonstudy care is enhanced in minor ways during the trial to address methodological or ethical issues	Moderate	Trial- Dependent	Trial- Dependent
Extensively Enhanced (eEUC)	Nonstudy care is substantially enhanced during the trial to bring it closer to the standard of care	High	Trial- Dependent	Trial- Dependent