Figure 3.

Elongation of ER tubules caused by shearing force. A to D, GFP-ER vesicles introduced into a flow chamber on ice with 0.5 mm GTP were kept standing at 25°C for 1 min (A) or 40 min (B and C). When a shearing force, caused by the flow of solution, was generated, the tubules elongated (D) from the GFP-ER vesicles (C). Bar = 20 μm. E and F, Time course of elongation (E) and shrinkage (F) of ER tubules. Numbers at top right are times in seconds from the commencement of recording by a CCD camera. In E, a tubule elongated (arrows) at 10 to 14 μm s⁻¹. In F, an elongated tubule shrank (arrows) at 7.8 μm s⁻¹. Bar = 10 μm.