FIGURE 1.

AMPK deletion up-regulates expression of MMP-9 but not MMP-2. A, the amounts of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cell culture medium of WT and AMPKα^−/− MEFs were examined by gelatin zymography. MEFs were stimulated with 1–50 ng/ml TNF-α for 24 h. Recombinant mouse MMP-2 and MMP-9 were used as molecular markers. B, the amounts of MMP-9 in cell culture medium of WT and AMPKα^−/− MEFs were examined by Western blotting. MEFs were stimulated with 10–100 ng/ml TNF-α for 24 h. Recombinant mouse MMP-9 was used as a molecular marker. A and B, representative blots are shown. Error bars, S.E. *, p < 0.05.