Conformation of the α1–α2 hairpin in the N-domains of copper-transporting ATPases. Stereo view is shown. The structures of the N-domains of ATP7A (green, 2KMX), CopA from A. fulgidus (blue, 2B8E), and CopB from Sulfolobus solfataricus (magenta, 2IYE) were aligned with the structure of the wild-type WND (A; cyan, 2ARF) or E1064A-WND (B; cyan, 2KOY) to minimize r.m.s.d. between the core β-sheets. Only the α1–α2 hairpins in the four structures and the core β-sheet in WND are shown.