Table 2.
Dating of gene duplication of mitochondrial proteins compared to time when the mitochondrial targeting signal appeared in the protein sequence
| Paralogs | Duplication before the divergence of | Targeting signal found in |
|---|---|---|
| TOP1MT, TOP1 | Vertebrates | Vertebrates (Gallus gallus) |
| TFB2M, DIMT1L | Animals | Animals (Anopheles gambiae) |
| NUDT8, NUDT7 | Animals | Animals (Drosophila melanogaster) |
| SIRT3, SIRT2 | Coelomata to chordata* | Vertebrates (Danio rerio) |
| HTRA2, HTRA1 | Vertebrates | Vertebrates (Danio rerio) |
| PDE12, CNOT6 | Animals | Chordates (Ciona intestinalis) |
| PECI, CDYL | Animals | Animals (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
| HINT2, HINT1 | Animals | Animals (Drosophila melanogaster) |
| GOT2, GOT1 | Animals | Animals (Drosophila melanogaster) |
The names of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins are highlighted in bold. *While species overlap suggests a duplication at the root of chordata, the species distribution within the SIRT2 and SIRT3 branches suggest an earlier duplication and multiple losses in many evolutionary branches.