Table 3.
Independent duplications and parallel relocalizations in the human and yeast lineages have happened multiple times during evolution
| Human | Yeast | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family | Mitochondrial | Non-mitochondrial | Mitochondrial | Non-mitochondrial |
| Thioredoxins | TXN, TXN2 | TXNDC2 | TRX3 | TRX1, TRX2 |
| Glutaredoxins | GLRX2 | GLRX, GLRXL | GRX2 | GRX1 (nucleus) |
| Isocitrate dehydrogenases [NADP] | IDH2 | IDH1 | IDP1 | IDP2, IDP3 (peroxisome) |
| Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferases | BCAT2 | BCAT1 | BAT1 | BAT2 |
| Serine hydroxymethyltransferases | SHMT2 | SHMT1 | SHM1 | SHM2 |
Rows show proteins targeted to mitochondria and their paralogs targeted to other subcellular compartments in both human and yeast. Non-mitochondrial homologs (both human and yeast) are cytosolic if not indicated otherwise.