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. 2010 Mar 17;3(1):4–11.

Table 2.

Analysis of Pain Level Before and After Massage Therapy

Variable Value
Mean pain score (±SD)
 Before 5.18 (2.01)
 After 2.33 (2.10)
Correlation .67
Standard mean error 0.23
95% confidence limits (1.88, 2.78)a
Significance (2-tailed) <.001a
Cohen’s d 1.38
a

Statistically significant.

SD = standard deviation.