Table 5.

Dual functioning in plant signaling

Component	Dual Function	Reference
BAK1	Is associated with developmental regulation through the plant hormone receptor BRI 1, but also has a functional role in PRR-dependant signaling which initiates innate immunity	105, 106
ERECTA	Affects development of aerial organs by controlling organ size and shape, and is also involved in disease resistance	142, 143
HAESE/RLK5	Functions in both developmental processes (abscission) and defense (hypersensitive cell death)	100
LTP1	In wheat, it binds putative receptors for elicitins.	144
	In tobacco, it binds jasmonic acid providing protection against Phytophthora parasitica similar to that invoked by elicitin
LysM type receptors	*CEBiP is a chitin oligosaccharide elicitor binding protein with two LysM motifs with a proposed role in chitin signaling and transcriptional regulation	35
	*NRF1 and NRF5 are two LysM receptor kinases found in Lotus japonicus, which are putative receptors for lipochitooligosaccharide Nod-factors	127
	*LYK3, found in Medicago truncatula, is involved in specific recognition during later stages of bacterial infection	145
Mi gene product	Confers resistance to nematodes as well as aphids	85
PERK	Upregulated by wounding and infection in Brassica, also plays a role in regulation of growth in Arabidopsis	146, 147
Plant gp91PHOX NADPH oxidase	Although involved in the oxidative burst, it also functions in a variety of developmental and physiological processes	103
RIN4	Guardee—interacts with two different R genes, RPM1 and RPS2	92
RPM1	Able to recognize two different Avr effectors	85
RPP8/HRT	Recognizes both viral and oomycete pathogens	85
Rx/Gpa gene	Confer both viral and nematode resistance	85
WAK1	Involved with an epidermal growth factor EGF-like motif linked to plant growth, also up regulated in response to pathogen infection and exogenous salicylic acid	139