Table 3:
Hazard ratios for 12-year survival, based on multivariable Cox regression models for different age groups
| Age group, yr | Characteristic; hazard ratio* (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frailty Index | Age | Sex | Education | |
| All | 1.04 (1.03–1.04) | 1.08 (1.08–1.09) | 0.54 (0.50–0.59) | 0.96 (0.94–0.97) |
| 15–39 (younger) | 1.06 (1.03–1.08) | 1.07 (1.04–1.11) | 0.41 (0.26–0.65) | 0.95 (0.89–1.03) |
| 40–69 (middle) | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) | 1.08 (1.07–1.09) | 0.53 (0.46–0.61) | 0.94 (0.93–0.97) |
| ≥ 70 (older) | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) | 1.08 (1.07–1.10) | 0.56 (0.50–0.63) | 0.96 (0.94–0.99) |
Note: CI = confidence interval.
*
Hazard ratios represent the risk of death associated with 1% increments in the Frailty Index, one-year increments of age and education, and being female. The reference values of the covariates are 0 for Frailty Index, minimal age (in each age group), minimal level of education and being male, respectively. For example, in the middle-aged group, a 50-year-old person with Frailty Index of 0.2 (i.e., 20%) would have an age-associated relative risk of death of 2.16 (i.e., exp[In(1.08) × (50–40)]) and a Frailty Index–associated relative risk of death of 2.19 (i.e., exp[In(1.04) × 20]).