Table 2.
Twin Correlations | Statistical Tests | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trait |
MZ |
DZ |
||||||
Male | Female | Male | Female | Opposite-Sex | MZ > DZ? | M < > F? | SSDZ > OSDZ? | |
Univariate Associations | ||||||||
Conduct Disorder | .44 [.36, .51] | .37 [.31, .43] | .33 [.24, .42] | .28 [.20, .36] | .15 [.07, .22] | Yes | yes | yes |
Adult Antisocial Behavior | .34 [.25, .43] | .30 [.23, .38] | .25 [.13, .37] | .12 [.02, .22] | .08 [.00, .17] | Yes | yes | no |
Bivariate Associations | ||||||||
Cross Trait Within Twin | .40 [.34, .46] | .36 [.30, .41] | .41 [.34, .48] | .32 [.25, .38] | .32 [.26, .37] | No | yes | no |
Cross Trait Cross Twin | .33 [.26, .39] | .25 [.19, .31] | .21 [.13, .29] | .10 [.03, .18] | .06 [.00, .13] | Yes | yes | yes |
Note. MZ = monozygotic. DZ = dizygotic. 95% confidence intervals are in brackets. Cross Trait Within Twin = The correlation between childhood conduct disorder and adult antisocial behavior for an individual (the stability of antisocial behavior across childhood and adulthood). Cross Trait Cross Twin = The correlation between one twin’s childhood conduct disorder and their co-twin’s adult antisocial behavior. MZ > DZ = are the MZ twin correlations significantly larger than the DZ twin correlations? M< > F = are the correlations for male-male twin pairs significantly different than the correlations for female-female twin pairs? SSDZ > OSDZ = are the correlations for same-sex dizygotic twin pairs significantly larger than the correlations for opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs?