Table II. Means and Clinical Elevations on Psychological Outcome Measures by ADHD/SADHD Classification.
| ADHD/SADHD | No ADHD/SADHD | p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | na | Mean ± SD | % Clinical | na | Mean ± SD | % Clinical | |
| CPT-II | |||||||
| Omissions | 9 | 48.5 ± 6.7 | 0.0% | 87 | 47.1 ± 6.8 | 3.4% | 0.642 |
| Commissions | 9 | 45.9 ± 15.1 | 22.2% | 87 | 50.3 ± 10.8 | 9.2% | 0.306 |
| Hit RT | 9 | 50.1 ± 8.9 | 11.1% | 87 | 43.1 ± 10.1 | 2.3% | 0.048* |
| Detectability | 9 | 46.2 ± 12.4 | 0.0% | 87 | 50.8 ± 8.8 | 4.6% | 0.349 |
| Conners3 (parent-report) | |||||||
| Inattention | 9 | 75.8 ± 12.8 | 88.9% | 90 | 55.0 ± 11.8 | 18.9% | 0.000*** |
| Hyperactivity/Impulsivity | 9 | 67.1 ± 18.5 | 55.6% | 91 | 51.8 ± 10.2 | 12.1% | 0.005** |
| Learning Problems | 9 | 65.8 ± 17.0 | 33.3% | 91 | 57.0 ± 14.4 | 26.4% | 0.135 |
| Executive Functioning | 9 | 71.1 ± 7.9 | 88.9% | 91 | 53.7 ± 10.9 | 14.3% | 0.000*** |
| Defiance/Aggression | 9 | 61.8 ± 20.6 | 33.3% | 91 | 50.0 ± 10.0 | 9.9% | 0.056 |
| Peer Relations | 9 | 79.0 ± 34.9 | 66.7% | 91 | 60.5 ± 21.9 | 25.3% | 0.106 |
| CD | 9 | 60.9 ± 19.2 | 33.3% | 91 | 49.3 ± 8.2 | 6.6% | 0.026* |
| ODD | 9 | 67.2 ± 23.7 | 44.4% | 91 | 51.5 ± 9.4 | 9.9% | 0.035* |
| ADHD Index | 9 | 76.7 ± 17.7 | 66.7% | 90 | 33.2 ± 26.8 | 13.3% | 0.000*** |
| Global Index | 9 | 73.9 ± 21.8 | 55.6% | 90 | 53.5 ± 10.5 | 14.4% | 0.002** |
| Conners3 (teacher-report) | |||||||
| Inattention | 9 | 68.4 ± 20.0 | 44.4% | 76 | 49.1 ± 10.6 | 10.5% | 0.001** |
| Hyperactivity/Impulsivity | 9 | 65.8 ± 19.9 | 44.4% | 76 | 47.0 ± 6.6 | 2.6% | 0.004** |
| Learning Problems | 9 | 64.1 ± 22.0 | 33.3% | 75 | 55.2 ± 13.9 | 21.3% | 0.139 |
| Executive Functioning | 9 | 59.7 ± 16.6 | 33.3% | 75 | 48.3 ± 8.8 | 4.0% | 0.040* |
| Defiance/Aggression | 8 | 73.1 ± 38.8 | 50.0% | 76 | 46.6 ± 3.7 | 0.0% | 0.000*** |
| Peer Relations | 9 | 62.4 ± 22.1 | 22.2% | 75 | 52.7 ± 13.2 | 16.0% | 0.107 |
| CD | 8 | 64.5 ± 29.9 | 25.0% | 76 | 46.2 ± 3.8 | 0.0% | 0.029* |
| ODD | 9 | 79.0 ± 37.9 | 55.6% | 76 | 48.1 ± 6.0 | 2.6% | 0.000*** |
| ADHD Index | 9 | 55.8 ± 32.2 | 44.4% | 76 | 26.0 ± 15.5 | 3.9% | 0.001** |
| Global Index | 9 | 71.8 ± 26.5 | 55.6% | 76 | 48.0 ± 8.6 | 6.6% | 0.004** |
| Conners3 (self-report) | |||||||
| Inattention | 9 | 53.9 ± 11.4 | 33.3% | 90 | 53.5 ± 11.5 | 17.8% | 0.826 |
| Hyperactivity/Impulsivity | 9 | 51.8 ± 7.8 | 11.1% | 91 | 52.1 ± 9.4 | 11.0% | 0.947 |
| Learning Problems | 9 | 51.2 ± 8.2 | 0.0% | 90 | 55.6 ± 13.0 | 21.1% | 0.472 |
| Defiance/Aggression | 9 | 49.8 ± 14.4 | 11.1% | 91 | 48.6 ± 10.5 | 11.0% | 0.880 |
| Family Relations | 9 | 48.6 ± 6.9 | 0.0% | 91 | 47.7 ± 7.7 | 3.3% | 0.484 |
| CD | 9 | 49.4 ± 11.0 | 11.1% | 91 | 48.0 ± 11.4 | 9.9% | 0.400 |
| ODD | 9 | 52.3 ± 7.2 | 11.1% | 91 | 50.0 ± 9.1 | 6.6% | 0.323 |
| ADHD Index | 9 | 49.6 ± 11.9 | 11.1% | 90 | 43.9 ± 19.1 | 17.8% | 0.144 |
Note. Reported scores are T-scores (mean = 50, SD = 10). Higher scores indicate more problematic functioning. Clinical elevations were defined as T-scores ≥ 65. p-values are reported for Wilcoxon rank sum tests comparing means by DICA-IV classification (ADHD/SADHD versus No ADHD/SADHD).
ns vary across Conners 3 content scales when scores were not calculated due to skipped items (n = 1 across parent-, self-, and teacher-report forms), teacher-report forms not returned by teachers (n = 7), and teacher-report forms not included for parent-instructed homeschooled children (n = 8). CPT-II scores were not available for patients who could not participate due to visual impairment (n = 2) and who fell asleep during task administration (n = 2).
p < 0.05,
p < 0.01,
p < 0.001.